Pitch-matrix composites for deicing, electromagnetic shielding and strain sensing have been developed by using carbon fiber (discontinuous) and carbon black as electrically conductive fillers. A composite with carbon fiber (5 vol%) as the sole filler is effective for strain sensing, which functions by the electrical resistivity increasing reversibly with tensile strain. A composite with carbon ...

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) fibers were engineered to become a scaffold for the storage of hydrogen. Carbon nanotube fibers were swollen in oleum (fuming sulfuric acid), and organic spacer groups were covalently linked between the nanotubes using diazonium functionalization chemistry to provide 3-dimensional (3-D) frameworks for the adsorption of hydrogen molecules. These 3-D nanoengi...

We demonstrate the fabrication of three-dimensional freestanding foams of hybrid graphene-single-walled carbon nanotube nanomanufactured materials with reversible capacities of 2640 mA h g(-1) at 0.186 A g(-1) and 236 mA h g(-1) at 27.9 A g(-1). The Li storage behavior of this material is compared against other nanostructures in similar flexible foam platforms including graphene, ultra-thin gra...

Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) electric power generation systems with carbon capture and sequestration have desirable environmental qualities but are not profitable when the carbon dioxide price is less than approximately $50 per metric ton. We examine whether an IGCC facility that operates its gasifier continuously butstores the syngas and produces electricity only when daily pr...

Glossary Carbon sequestration: capture and secure storage of carbon that would otherwise be emitted to or remain in the atmosphere. Carbon sources: for this chapter, we are concerned with large stationary sources of CO2, e.g. fossil fueled power plants, cement manufacturing, ammonia production, iron and non-ferrous metal smelters, industrial boilers, refineries, natural gas wells. Carbon captur...

The development of the Free-Air CO(2) Enrichment (FACE) facilities represents a substantial advance in experimental technology for studying ecosystem responses to elevated CO(2). A challenge arising from the application of this technology is the utilization of short-term FACE results for predicting long-term ecosystem responses. This modeling study was designed to explore interactions of variou...

A substantial amount of global carbon is stored in mature trees. However, no experiments to date test how warming affects mature tree carbon storage. Using a unique, citywide, factorial experiment, we investigated how warming and insect herbivory affected physiological function and carbon sequestration (carbon stored per year) of mature trees. Urban warming increased herbivorous arthropod abund...

Tropical peatlands now emit hundreds of megatons of carbon dioxide per year because of human disruption of the feedbacks that link peat accumulation and groundwater hydrology. However, no quantitative theory has existed for how patterns of carbon storage and release accompanying growth and subsidence of tropical peatlands are affected by climate and disturbance. Using comprehensive data from a ...