Problem: Depression is a widespread disorder and among the leading causes of disability worldwide. In this article, we perform an umbrella review on association between depression excess mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), risk factors. We also provide overview mechanisms that explain these associations. Finally, discuss clinical implications from general perspective potential physical act...

Aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on cognitive functioning in aging humans, especially on executive functions associated with frontal brain regions. In rodents, exercise has been shown to induce structural and neurophysiological changes especially in the hippocampus and to improve spatial learning. The present study investigated the relationship between cardiovascular fitness, spatial lea...

OBJECTIVE To examine whether elevated resting heart rate (RHR) is an independent risk factor for mortality or a mere marker of physical fitness (VO2Max). METHODS This was a prospective cohort study: the Copenhagen Male Study, a longitudinal study of healthy middle-aged employed men. Subjects with sinus rhythm and without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes were included. RHR was assessed...

Air pollution is a major environmental issue in all regions of the world. We aimed to assess the health impacts of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter  10 µm (PM10) in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. The air pollution data were obtained from Sanandaj Department of Environment Protection. The annual mortality and morbidity, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributable to...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the theory of premorbid fitness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we studied whether a common genetic profile for physical or cardiovascular fitness was manifest in progenitors leading to less cardiovascular death and a longer lifespan in parents of patients with ALS compared with parents of controls. METHODS Patient and disease characteristics, levels of physic...

BACKGROUND Increasing obesity and poor cardiovascular fitness (CVF) contribute to higher rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children. While the relative contributions of fitness and body fat on development of insulin resistance (IR) in children and adolescents remains unresolved, gender- and race-specific differences likely exist in the degree to which CVF influences IR and risk for T2...

In the past 5 years, 1 of every 3 deaths in the United States was attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Regular physical activity has numerous benefits associated with the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Despite these details, 60% of Americans are not regularly physically active and 25% are not active at all. Previous studies have found significant changes in cardiovascu...