In an accompanying publication, we have shown that in most tissues there is an approximate correspondence between levels of carnitine acetyltransferase activity and concentrations of carnitine or acetylcarnitine (1). In addition, this correspondence may generally be related to the magnitude of the increase in fatty acid oxidation elicited by added carnitine in particular tissue preparations (1,...

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of osmoprotectants on prevention and treatment of dry eye in a murine model. METHODS Dry eye was induced in mice by using an intelligently controlled environmental system (ICES). Osmoprotectants betaine, L-carnitine, erythritol, or vehicle (PBS) were topically administered to eyes four times daily following two schedules: schedule 1 (modeling prevention): dosi...

BACKGROUND Congestive heart failure depletes the myocardium of carnitine, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and taurine--substances known to influence mitochondrial function and cell calcium. We hypothesized that feeding patients a nutritional supplement that contained carnitine, CoQ10, and taurine would result in higher myocardial levels of these nutrients and improve left ventricular function. METHODS ...

BACKGROUND This study examined whether carnitine deficiency is a risk factor and should be viewed as a mechanism during the development of gentamicin (GM)-induced ARF as well as exploring if carnitine supplementation could offer protection against this toxicity. METHODS Adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned to one of six treatment groups: group 1 (control) rats were given daily intraper...

Data on the functionalities of L-carnitine on obesity, diabetes, and as an ergogenic aid are summarized as follows: Obesity: Total lipid, triglyceride, and total protein increased during the 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. However, nonesterified carnitine (NEC), acid-soluble acylcarnitine (ASAC), and acid-insoluble acylcarnitine (AIAC) concentrations were lower in the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. ...

PURPOSE Previously we demonstrated expression and localization of carnitine/organic cation transporters, OCTN1 and OCTN2, in human corneal and conjunctival epithelia. The present study aimed to examine the characteristics of L-carnitine transporters in cultured human limbal corneal (HCLE) and conjunctival epithelial (HCjE) cells. METHODS Time-course, Na(+)-dependence, kinetics, energy- and pH...

The aim of this study is to compare the effects Carnitine, Gensing, Dill and Arginine in lipid peroxidation MDA SOD, GSH antioxidant normal experimentally hydrogen peroxide H2O2 induced oxidative.
 Fifty male rats used age 12-14 weeks weights (300-325 g) divided randomly into 10 groups, included 5 each group as following.
 Control, , Carnitine carnitine + Gensing Dill, Dill+ ,Arginine...

OBJECTIVE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and are key regulators of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the heart. Systemic carnitine deficiency (SCD) causes disorders of FAO and induces hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with lipid accumulation. We hypothesized that activation of PPARalpha ...

It is well documented that high therapeutic doses of oxazaphosphorines, cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IFO), are associated with cardiomyopathy. This study investigated whether oxazaphosphorines alter the expression of organic cation/carnitine transporter (OCTN2) and antioxidant genes and if so, whether these alterations contribute to CP and IFO-induced cardiotoxicity. Adult male Wistar ...

A deletion mutant of Listeria monocytogenes lacking OpuC, an ABC transporter responsible for the uptake of the compatible solute carnitine, was constructed and carnitine transport assays confirmed that carnitine transport was defective in this mutant. However, the mutant retained the ability to derive osmoprotection from carnitine, suggesting the presence of a second uptake system for this comp...