We examine consumers' brand choice behavior on over-the-counter drugs in a discrete choice model with learning while accounting for valuation carryover and unobserved heterogeneity. The model we employ allows us to separate the effect of concurrent marketing promotions from the impact of perceived product quality valuation accrued through past experiences with the drug. Further, it lets us iden...

Complex life cycles involve a set of discrete stages that can differ dramatically in form and function. Transitions between different stages vary in nature and magnitude; likewise, the degree of autonomy among stages enabled by these transitions can vary as well. Because the selective value of traits is likely to shift over ontogeny, the degree of autonomy among stages is important for understa...

Determining which factors are most effective for mitigative strategies in conservation management can be difficult species with complex life cycles. Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) migrating through a hydroelectric power system experience conditions that affect their survival directly within stage and indirectly subsequent stages carryover effects. We quantified the association of covariates across ...