Many plant species in temperate climate regions require vernalization over winter to initiate flowering. Flowering Locus C (FLC) and FLC-like genes are key regulators of vernalization requirement and growth habit in winter-annual and perennial Brassicaceae. In the biennial crop species Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris in the evolutionarily distant Caryophyllales clade of core eudicots growth habit a...

Yellow and red-violet betalain plant pigments are restricted to several families in the order Caryophyllales, where betacyanins play analogous biological roles to anthocyanins. The initial step in betalain biosynthesis is the hydroxylation of tyrosine to form L-DOPA. Using gene expression experiments in beets, yeast, and Arabidopsis, along with HPLC/MS analysis, the present study shows that two...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Recent analyses employing up to five genes have provided numerous insights into angiosperm phylogeny, but many relationships have remained unresolved or poorly supported. In the hope of improving our understanding of angiosperm phylogeny, we expanded sampling of taxa and genes beyond previous analyses. METHODS We conducted two primary analyses based on 640 species represe...

The angiosperms, one of five groups of extant seed plants, are the largest group of land plants. Despite their relatively recent origin, this clade is extremely diverse morphologically and ecologically. However, angiosperms are clearly united by several synapomorphies. During the past 10 years, higher-level relationships of the angiosperms have been resolved. For example, most analyses are cons...

Research at 10 locations in coastal subtropical Queensland, Australia, has shown that salt marshes contained heterogeneous distributions of eggshells of the pest and vector mosquito Aedes vigilax (Skuse) (Diptera:Culicidae). The eggshell distribution was related to specific vegetation assemblages, with a mix of the grass, Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth (Poales: Poaceae), and the beaded glassw...

This data paper presents a largely phylogeny-based online taxonomic backbone for the Cactaceae compiled from literature and sources using tools of EDIT Platform Cybertaxonomy. The will form contribution Caryophyllales Network World Flora Online serve as base further integration research results systematic community. final aim is to treat all effectively published scientific names in family. che...

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Cada vez se sabe más de la diversidad vegetal en el bosque tropical caducifolio, pero gran medida desconocen sus simbiosis micorrízicas. El estatus micorrízico su morfología aportan información importante sobre papel ecológico estos ecosistemas. objetivo este trabajo fue describir los tipos asociaciones fúngicas que establecen algunas plantas dominantes del estrato arb...

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a member of the Caryophyllales family, basal eudicot asterid that consists sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris), quinoa (Chenopodium Willd.), and amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.). With introduction baby leaf types, spinach has become staple food in many homes. Production issues focus on yield, nitrogen-use efficiency resistance to downy mildew ...