We used the data of 133 countries to explore determinants export diversity among candidate variables that are clearly exogenous or endogenous but with a well-established instrument. These candidates include geography, resource abundance, and institutional quality. Our results suggest quality is important in determining diversity, country better institutions has more diversified structure. Once ...

Human geography is a major subdiscipline within the wider subject field of geography. Traditionally, geography is considered the study of the Earth’s environments and peoples, and the interactions between them. ‘Geography’ comes from ancient Greek origins (Eratosthenes was the first to use it), literally translating as ‘to write or describe the world’. In classical and Enlightenment geography, ...

From time immemorial, Geography has been acknowledged as Chorological science. What is the central theme of Geography? After a long debate most geographers arrived at conclusion that geography "space‟. It also known earth science and well natural or regional also. We can develop our theoretical knowledge from books, journals, newspaper, internet many more. Field work, on other hand helps studen...

the goal of this study was to estimate the sensitivity of reference evapotranspiration (et0) to changes in meteorological parameters in the caspian region. long-term meteorological data (1961-2008) were obtained from three synoptic meteorological stations. the region was primarily classified into three climatic zones, based on de martonne climate classification. the penman–monteith equation was...

Recently, several studies indicated that species from the Ponto-Caspian region may be evolutionarily predisposed to become nonindigenous species (NIS); however, origin of NIS established in different regions has rarely been compared to confirm these statements. More importantly, if species from certain area/s are proven to be better colonizers, management strategies to control transport vectors...

We describe here the first fossil otoliths from the Middle Miocene (Badenian and Sarmatian) of Belgrade, Serbia. They were obtained from Lower Badenian outcrops at Slanci and from upper Badenian and Sarmatian sediments recovered from four shallow wells near the village of Barajevo. The otoliths from the Lower Badenian of Slanci represent fishes typical for an open marine environment, characteri...

  This paper aimed to investigate the fishery and biological characteristics of anchovy Kilka in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea from 2005-2007, including length and age structure ,Von Bertalanffy growth parameters, length and age at first capture, condition factor, sex ratio, natural and fishing mortality. The examination of catch data approved that Kilka population in the Caspian Sea have b...

Global human genetic variation is greatly influenced by geography, with genetic differentiation between populations increasing with geographic distance and within-population diversity decreasing with distance from Africa. In fact, these 'clines' can explain most of the variation in human populations. Despite this, population genetics inferences often rely on models that do not take geography in...

Post-Soviet legal governance regime of Caspian Sea e the largest inland body of water on earth e remains a source of conflict among the five coastal states of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. Although different division methods have been suggested for sharing the sea and its valuable resources, the actual gain of the countries is unclear as the proposed methods focus eith...

Department of Geography, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA Centre for Bio-Archaeology and Ecology (UMR5059 CNRS/UM2/EPHE), Institut de Botanique, F-34090 Montpellier, France School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Instit...