1. Definition of Catalytic Properties 1.1. Conversion 1.2. Selectivity 1.3. Yield 1.4. Catalyst Deactivation and Sustainability 2. Reactor Types 2.1. Batch Reactor 2.2. Perfectly Mixed Flow Reactor 2.3. Plug Flow Reactor 3. Intrinsic Kinetics 3.1. External Mass and Heat Transport Limitations 3.2. Internal Mass and Heat Transport Limitations 3.3. Flow Pattern Ideality 4. Specific Reactor Types 4...

Alkenes containing N-heteroaromatics are known to be poor partners in cross-metathesis reactions, probably due to catalyst deactivation caused by the presence of a nitrogen atom. However, some examples of ring-closing and cross-metathesis involving alkenes that incorporate N-heteroaromatics can be found in the literature. In addition, recent mechanistic studies have focused on the rationalizati...

The modes of deactivation -and the extent to which their properties can be restored- two catalyst bodies used in cascade for bio-oil synthesis have been studied. These catalysts include a solid acid granulate (namely ZrO2/desilicated zeolite ZSM-5/attapulgite clay) employed ex-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis biomass, and base extrudate (K-exchanged USY/attapulgite subsequent upgrading. Post-morte...

the effects of confinement in carbon nanotubes on fischer-tropsch (ft) activity, selectivity and lifetime of carbon nanotubes (cnts) supported iron catalysts are reported. a method was developed to control the position of the catalytic sites on either inner or outer surface of carbon nanotubes. tem analyses revealed that more than 80% of iron oxide particles can be controlled to be positioned a...

The enzymatic synthesis of organic compounds in continuous bioreactors is an efficient way to obtain industrially important chemicals. However, few works have focused on the study of the operational conditions and the bioprocess performance. In this work, the aliphatic ester pentyl octanoate was obtained by direct esterification using a continuous packed bed bioreactor containing the immobilize...

The homogenous, [IrCp∗I2]2, SCRAM catalyst (1) is active in the racemization of chiral amines. NMR, kinetic and structural mechanistic studies have determined cause deactivation to occur when ammonia or methylamine are liberated by hydrolysis aminolysis intermediate imine, which tightly coordinate iridium centre block turnover. Control moisture substrate concentration can suppress deactivation,...

Acetylene hydrochlorination is a major industrial technology for manufacturing vinyl chloride monomer in regions with abundant coal resources; however, it is plagued by the use of mercury(II) chloride catalyst. The development of a nonmercury catalyst has been extensively explored. Herein, we report a N-doped carbon catalyst derived from ZIF-8 with both high activity and quite good stability. T...