Progressive collapse of buildings typically occurs when abnormal loading conditions cause local damages, which leads to a chain reaction of failure and ultimately catastrophic collapse. The tie force (TF) method is one of the main design approaches for progressive collapse. As the TF method is a simplified method, further investigations on the reliability of the method is necessary. This study ...

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring. The k-torsionless modules are defined in [7] as a generalization of torsionless and reflexive modules, i.e., torsionless modules are 1-torsionless and reflexive modules are 2-torsionless. Some properties of torsionless, reflexive, and k-torsionless modules are investigated in this paper. It is proved that if M is an R-module such that G-dimR(M)

This study aims to introduce new methods for classifying key features (power lines, pylons, and buildings) comprising utility corridor scene using airborne LiDAR data and modelling power lines in 3D object space. The proposed approach starts from PL scene segmentation using Markov Random Field (MRF), which emphasizes on the roles of spatial context of linear and planar features as in a graphica...

Let $R$ be an arbitrary ring with identity and $M$ a right $R$-module with $S=$ End$_R(M)$. The module $M$ is called {it Rickart} if for any $fin S$, $r_M(f)=Se$ for some $e^2=ein S$. We prove that some results of principally projective rings and Baer modules can be extended to Rickart modules for this general settings.

In this paper, the notion of fully idempotent modules is defined and it is shown that this notion inherits most of the essential properties of the usual notion of von Neumann's regular rings. Furthermore, we introduce the dual notion of fully idempotent modules (that is, fully coidempotent modules) and investigate some properties of this class of modules.

in this paper, the notion of fully idempotent modules is defined and it is shown that this notion inherits most of the essential properties of the usual notion of von neumann's regular rings. furthermore, we introduce the dual notion of fully idempotent modules (that is, fully coidempotent modules) and investigate some properties of this class of modules.

 Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $M$ be a finitely generated unital $R$-module. In this paper, first we give necessary and sufficient conditions that a finitely generated module to be a multiplication module. Moreover, we investigate some conditions which imply that the module $M$ is the direct sum of some cyclic modules and free modules. Then some properties of Fitting ideals o...

In this paper we deal with two foundational questions on complete differential algebraic varieties. We establish, by means of the differential algebraic version of Bertini’s theorem and assuming a weaker form of the catenary conjecture, that in order to verify (differential) completeness one can restrict second factors to zero-dimensional differential varieties. Then, we extend Kolchin’s result...

The purpose of this work is the derivation of closed form expressions for the linear vibration modes of catenary-shaped slender structures. The dynamic behaviour of the structure is described using the Euler–Bernoulli beam formulation with variable tension and angle terms. The desired expressions are obtained by treating the governing fourth-order partial differential equation of dynamic equili...

The expansion of a deepwater brownfield may become necessary to increase the production hydrocarbons. Such often requires installation additional risers existing floating platform. However, seabed footprint facilities be congested with subsea pipelines and structures. Tying back such as steel catenary riser (SCR) platform becomes challenging. Floating (FCR) is novel solution bends or ‘waves’ cl...