We study the problem of gravitational lensing by binary galaxies, idealized as two isothermal spheres. In a wide binary, each galaxy possesses individual tangential, nearly astroidal, caus-tics and roundish radial caustics. As the separation of the binary is made smaller, the caustics undergo a sequence of metamorphoses. The first metamorphosis occurs when the tangential caustics merge to form ...

Planetary companions to the source stars of a caustic-crossing binary microlensing events can be detected via the deviation from the parent light curves created when the caustic magnifies the star light reflecting off the atmosphere or surface of the planets. The magnitude of the deviation is δp ∼ ǫpρ p , where ǫp is the fraction of starlight reflected by the planet and ρp is the angular radius...

OBJECTIVE Acute poisonings with caustic substances can cause severe chemical injuries to the upper gastrointestinal tract, which can be localized from the mouth to the small intestines. They are seen very often among young people in their most productive years. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of patient's age on the mortality rate and survival of patients with acute caustic po...

Background: Ingestion of caustic agents can cause serious damages of the upper gastrointestinal tract and in some cases this kind of poisoning may have fatal outcomes. Acute caustic intoxications are one of the main problems in the modern clinical toxicology since they mainly affect young people with psychic disorders, suicidal intent, and alcohol addiction. Text: In diagnostic evaluation of th...

INTRODUCTION Caustic ingestions are among the most prevalent causes of toxic exposure. The present 10-year survey aimed to evaluate the epidemiologic features and outcomes of caustic ingestion cases presenting to emergency department. METHODS This is a retrospective cross-sectional study on patients who were admitted to a referral toxicology center during 2004 to 2014, following caustic inges...

In this letter, we explore the possibilities of generating diffraction-free caustics over a predetermined range. For the first time we demonstrate the possibility to generate diffraction-free caustic beams. Caustic beams are a topic of increased interest over the past few years. Diffraction-free caustics may find applications in situations where large depth of field and uniform axial energy dis...