Using immunohistochemistry, we studied the origins and pathways of parasympathetic and sensory nerve fibers to the pial arteries in four squirrel monkeys. Following its application to the surface of the middle cerebral artery, the retrograde axonal tracer True Blue accumulated in parasympathetic neurons of the sphenopalatine ganglion and the internal carotid ganglion. The latter is strategicall...

A detailed evaluation of the MR appearance of the pituitary gland-cavernous sinus junction has not been described. In a series of coronal T1-weighted spin echo images without and with IV gadolinium, we noted the variable size and signal intensity of cavernous venous spaces adjacent to the pituitary gland and the inconsistent visualization of the dural membrane just lateral to the gland. Correla...

AIM The aim of this article is to describe the microsurgical anatomy of the cavernous sinus, the triangles, and the osseous relationships in the region with special attention to the relationships important in surgical approaches on the intracavernous structures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty cavernous sinuses obtained from twenty-five cadaver heads were studied in detail using magnification. Ste...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study was undertaken to analyze enhancement patterns of the dura around sellar tumors and to compare the results with tumor invasion or compression of the cavernous sinuses. Postoperative enhancement patterns on MR images were compared with preoperative findings. METHODS Contrast-enhanced coronal and sagittal MR images were examined prospectively in 96 patients wit...

Cavernous hemangiomas that occur within the cavernous sinus (CS) are different from cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs) clinically, on imaging studies, and in their response to treatment. Moreover, CMs are true vascular malformations, whereas hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors. Because of these differences, the authors suggest that these two entities be analyzed and grouped separately. U...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of transvenous embolization in the treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs), including its efficacy and safety. METHODS We retrospectively studied the charts of 24 patients (21 women and 3 men) treated for an intracranial DAVF since 1990 in whom a transvenous approach was attempted either alone (16 patients) or in combination with arterial ...

Direct fistulas between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus are mostly posttraumatic and are due to laceration of the carotid siphon or rupture of its intracavernous branches (1]. The fistula is usually unilateral but can be bilateral [1 , 2]. In general , only one communication occurs betwe~n the carotid siphon and the cavernous sinus, as was shown in a large number of cases wh...

We present the case of a 64-year-old man with a presumed diagnosis of extracerebral cavernous hemangioma involving the cavernous sinus. The diagnosis was made on the basis of labeled red cell blood pool scintigraphy findings in conjunction with those of MR imaging. This lesion was not altered in appearance at 6-year follow-up MR imaging. We also present the labeled red cell blood pool scintigra...

A 71-year-old female presented with the rare complication of choroidal detachment after endovascular treatment of a dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. Since the residual arteriovenous shunt flow was minimal and intraocular pressure was normal, the choroidal detachment was treated conservatively and disappeared within one month. The possibility of choroidal detachment during the clinical cou...