Our current understanding of respiratory physiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of lung diseases is often limited by challenges in developing in vitro models faithful to the respiratory environment, both in cellular structure and physiological function. The recent establishment and adaptation of microfluidic-based in vitro devices (μFIVDs) of lung airways have enabled a wide range of deve...

Heterologous gene expression draws resources from host cells. These include vital components to sustain growth and replication, the resulting cellular burden is a widely recognized bottleneck in design of robust circuits. In this tutorial we discuss use computational models that integrate circuits physiology Through various cases, illustrate power host–circuit predict impact parameters on both ...

INTRODUCTION ................................................................ Cellular Responses to Amino Acid Restriction.................................. Key Position ofAminoacyl sRNA Synthetases................................... MUTANTS WITH MODIFiED AMiNOACYL sRNA SYNTHETASES....................... Conditionally Expressed Mutations........................................... General backgr...

The quest for nonoptical imaging methods that can surmount light diffraction limits resulted in the development of scanning probe microscopes. However, most of the existing methods are not quite suitable for studying biological samples. The scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) bridges the gap between the resolution capabilities of atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope a...

The phenomenon of ischemic preconditioning, in which a period of sublethal ischemia can profoundly protect the cell from infarction during a subsequent ischemic insult, has been responsible for an enormous amount of research over the last 15 years. Ischemic preconditioning is associated with two forms of protection: a classical form lasting approximately 2 h after the preconditioning ischemia f...

Ankyrins are a ubiquitously expressed family of membrane-adaptor proteins found in most vertebrate tissues. Since the first ankyrin polypeptide was identified over 25 years ago, studies in humans, mice, and lower organisms have implicated critical roles for ankyrins in normal metazoan physiology. This review will provide an overview of the ankyrin family and highlight seminal findings in the fi...

BACKGROUND Of the cells that compose the atherosclerotic plaque, vascular endothelial cells are the most resistant to cholesterol accumulation. Cholesterol efflux pathways may play an important role in endothelial cholesterol homeostasis. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the global genetic response of endothelial cells to cholesterol and in particular the contribution of the cholesterol efflux...

Many of the models of hemopoiesis that have been proposed (see, for example, Cronkite et al., '59) are based on the assumption that the continued production of blood cells requires the presence of progenitor cells with the capacity for continued proliferation. From this point of view, hemopoietic tissue may be considered to consist of two compartments; the first, or stem cell compartment, consi...

The anterior pituitary gland has the ability to respond to complex signals derived from central and peripheral systems. Perception of these signals and their integration are mediated by cell interactions and cross-talk of multiple signaling transduction pathways and transcriptional regulatory networks that cooperate for hormone secretion, cell plasticity, and ultimately specific pituitary respo...