BACKGROUND Measure of blood flow velocity in retrobulbar vessels is performed to determine the severity of ophthalmic pathologies as glaucoma. In children, this measure is usually performed under general anaesthesia. Sevoflurane is known to not modify cerebral blow flow velocities. However, its effect on retrobulbar circulation is not known. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of sev...

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) causes severe visual loss in affected eye and vision does not recover in more than 90% of the patients. It is believed that it occurs by occlusion of the central retinal artery with small emboli from atherosclerotic plaque of internal cerebral artery. Retina is a part of the brain, thus basically CRAO is corresponding to acute occlusion of intracerebral a...

• Making the correct ophthalmic diagnosis Acute visual loss is when the known duration of visual loss is short, to be distinguished from when the patient accidentally discovers a longer-standing visual loss. The elderly patient (the group most affected by CRAO), is frequently unaware of the loss of vision in one eye, until they happen to close the other eye (i.e., a foreign body in the “good” e...

OPINION STATEMENT Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an ocular emergency and is the ocular analogue of cerebral stroke. It results in profound, usually monocular vision loss, and is associated with significant functional morbidity. The risk factors for CRAO are the same atherosclerotic risk factors as for stroke and heart disease. As such, individuals with CRAO may be at risk of ischemi...

A case is presented of a 70-year-old white male who underwent a bilateral cosmetic lower lid blepharoplasty with fat removal. He subsequently developed a right orbital haemorrhage which resulted in the occlusion of the central retinal artery. The patient had no light perception with his right eye for approximately 1 hour, but vision was eventually restored to 20/20 after emergency therapeutic m...

Dear Editor, Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) typically presents with a retinal “cherry red spot”. In CRAO, infarction of the retinal nerve fi bre layer renders the retina opaque. The fovea, where this layer is absent, retains its normal orangered colour due to perfusion from the underlying choroidal vessels, resulting in the appearance of the “cherry red spot”. Retinal survival time has...

A 56-year-old man was referred to our hospital about 48 h after sudden onset of painless central visual loss in his right eye (OD) on a winter morning. He had a more than 25-year history of systemic hypertension and smoking. Funduscopic observation showed striated retinal whitening in the macular region, faint cotton-wool patches around the optic disc, and segmental narrowing of the retinal art...