That disquisitions on psychological topics should, to a great many persons, be devoid of interest, as having no moral or practical result, is one of the strongest evidences of the need of such inquiries, and betokens the undue sway which physical science, the inferior grade, the democracy of knowledge, exercises among us. To imagine that psychological inquiries are unprofitable speculations?a m...

We study a framework for constructing coherent and convex measures of risk that is inspired by infimal convolution operator, and which is shown to constitute a new general representation of these classes of risk functions. We then discuss how this scheme may be effectively applied to obtain a class of certainty equivalent measures of risk that can directly incorporate preferences of a rational ...

In conventional epistemic analysis of solution concepts in complete information games, complete information is implicitly interpreted to mean common certainty of (i) a mapping from action profiles to outcomes; (ii) players’ (unconditional) preferences over outcomes; and (iii) players’ preferences over outcomes conditional on others’ actions. We characterize a new solution concept—preference-cor...

In portfolio selection, strategies on an efficient frontier have been regarded as nondominated solutions because of the compensation to each increase unit of risk, and a rational decision maker has to consider other supplementary decision rules. This paper proposes an approach that helps a rational decision maker identify the best candidate strategy on an efficient frontier by taking the concep...

This pilot study addresses the legal and scientific ramifications of the "certainty" expressed by mental health professionals when functioning as expert witnesses in criminal and civil proceedings. The sporadic attention paid to "certainty" in the professional literature has typically taken the form of general policy oriented analyses as opposed to empirical, data-driven investigations. In the ...

fuzzy water quality index (fwqi) was applied in order to assess the degree of drinking water resources in yazd province, iran. thisstudy has also offered the creation of a new fuzzy water quality index (fwqi) to evaluate this tool’s applicability. 12 chemicalparameters including toxic and non-toxic heavy metals measured in 71 groundwater samples collected from drinking water resourcesin rural a...

BACKGROUND Graduate and post-graduate education for health professionals is increasingly delivered in an e-learning environment, where automated, continuous formative testing with integrated feedback can guide students' self-assessment and learning. Asking students to rate the certainty they assign to the correctness of their answers to test questions can potentially provide deeper insights int...

This paper attempts to determine the certainty equivalent of an uncertain future cash flow or value through the option pricing method, and builds models of certainty equivalent and certainty equivalent coefficient. Based on the model of certainty equivalent coefficient, this paper further derives models of risk premium and risk-adjusted discount rate. The latter is a new capital asset pricing m...

The article explores epistemic nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs that convey different levels of confidence/uncertainty. material the study was a selection fiction texts modern English literature for 1 million words. nature words used to indicate certainty / uncertainty is studied. Epistemicity defined as property manifest properties calculated ratio number (EW) total indicating in according...