We present a novel approach to deal with the problem of reconstructing the duplication history of tandemly repeated genes that are supposed to have arisen from unequal recombination. We first describe the mathematical model of evolution by tandem duplication and introduce duplication histories and duplication trees. We then provide a simple recursive algorithm which determines whether or not a ...

Salmonella typhimurium strains containing a duplication of nearly a third of the genome have been isolated by a simple procedure involving selection for improved utilization of L-malate as sole carbon source. The duplication occurs at a very high spontaneous frequency. Strains containing the duplication can be isolated selectively on malate medium, or by a non-selective procedure involving Hfr ...

Duplication is thought to be one of the main processes providing a substrate on which the effects of evolution are visible. The mechanisms underlying this chromosomal rearrangement were investigated here in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Spontaneous revertants containing a duplication event were selected and analyzed. In addition to the single gene duplication described in a previous study...

background: progressions in science and technology have generated several methods for delaying preterm delivery and abortion; therefore, discovering an easy, non-invasive, practical, and non-expensive predictive factor can help us to perform preventive methods in healthy pregnant women, without any risk factors. objective: to indicate an appropriate index for predicting abortion in early pregna...

introduction: castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder which may be confused with other causes of lymphadenopathy. case report: here we report a case of unicentric castleman's disease presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy. the patient was treated with complete surgical excision of lesion and was disease free at the time of reporting this article. this case has bee...

a 49 year old woman diagnosed as a cervical cancer patient, after receiving appropriate treatment experienced metastasis in her abdominopelvic cavity. after aggressive management, she was well for a while. however, she developed to a poor condition consisting of urologic, gastroenterological, hematologic and neurologic problems just in a short time. in the course of hospital she presented one s...

role of labor induction has increased in the last decade due to the ‎early detection of fetal jeopardy. although very useful, oxytocin alone is not always successful for induction of ‎labor. in a randomized clinical ‎trial we compared vaginal dinoprostone plus oxytocin with oxytocin alone for ‎induction of labor in 91 ‎pregnant women at 40 weeks or greater gestation with bishop scores ≤ 4. fort...

background and aim: carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a significant cause of mortality because of malignancy in women. radiotherapy is a major treatment modality for invasive cervical cancer with good treatment outcome in early-stage patients. however, substantial treatment failures still occur in the advanced-stage patients. in this case report a long term follow up of a 58 years old woman wi...

Duplication is an operation generating a language from a single word by iterated application of rewriting rules u → uu on factors. We extend this operation to entire languages and investigate, whether the classes of the Chomsky hierarchy are closed under duplication. Here we treat mainly bounded duplication, where the factors duplicated cannot exceed a given length. While over two letters the r...