Presacral vertebrae, excluding the atlas and axis, obtained from fifty dried vertebral columns were carefully examined to detect the muscular tubercles derived from the attachments of the paravertebral muscles. On the basis of the divisions of these muscles, the tubercles may be classified as follows : (1) tubercles of the median attachments of the back muscles observed at the tips of the spine...

A new titanosaur dinosaur, Brasilotitan nemophagus gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Adamantina Formation (Turonian-Santonian, Bauru Basin). The specimen consists of a dentary, cervical and sacral vertebrae, one ungual and remains of the pelvic region, that were collected near Presidente Prudente city, Sdo Paulo State. It shows a mandible with an 'L' shaped morphology, with the symphyseal...

Introduction: Atlas Vertebra (1st cervical vertebra) is called “atypical vertebra” and has unusual shape andarchitecture. The dimensions of atlas vertebra are most essential in the technique cranio-vertebral regionstabilization. Retroarticular canals foramina transversaria important for transoral transpalatinalapproaches to clivus, axis.Aim objectives: To study incidence symmetry transversaria....

The aim of this study was to determine the validity of cervical vertebrae radiographic assessment to predict skeletal maturation. Left hand-wrist and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 958 Spanish children from 5 to 18 years of age were measured. On the left hand-wrist radiographs the classification of Grave and Brown was used to assess skeletal maturation. Cervical vertebrae maturation was e...

The cervical vertebral column bears or balances the weight of the head supported by the nuchal muscles that partly originate from the cervical vertebrae. The position of the head relative to the vertebral column, and consequently locomotion and posture behavior, could thus be associated with the form of the cervical vertebrae. In spite of this assumption and some empirical indications along the...

INTRODUCTION The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method is a vital tool for assessing the biological maturation of the orthodontic patient to evaluate the amount of mandibular bone growth left. AIM To assess and visualize the cervical vertebral morphology (bone density) of orthodontic patients of the age group 9,16,27 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty four subjects with age group of 9,...

Assessment of the cervical spine using x-ray radiography is an important task when providing emergency room care to trauma patients. In clinical practice, a physician will inspect the alignment of the cervical spine vertebrae by mentally tracing three alignment curves along the anterior and posterior sides of the cervical vertebral bodies, as well as one along the spinolaminar junction. In this...

[Purpose] This study aimed to identify the effects of cervical deep muscle strengthening (CDS) on neck pain in a patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS). [Subjects and Methods] The subjects was a 39 year-old woman with neck pain and KFS that included incomplete block vertebrae in the C2-3 segments and block vertebrae in the C6-7 segments. The subject performed an exercise program including cer...

Meristic variation is often limited in serially homologous systems with high internal differentiation and high developmental modularity. The mammalian neck, an extreme example, has a fixed (at seven) count of diversely specialized segments. Imposition of the mammalian cervical constraint has been tentatively linked to the origin of the diaphragm, which is muscularized by cells that migrate from...

Normally the 7th cervical vertebra (C7) has a long non-bifid spine. A bifid spine is a feature of typical cervical vertebrae such as C3--C6. In contrast to past studies, which have described a bifid spine in the C3--C6 cervical vertebrae, this study is a report on the presence of a duplicated spinous process in the C7 vertebra with an intervening space. The presence of such anomalies may be ass...