An indication of the ability of NAD-independent variants of Haemophilus paragallinarum to evade the immune system has been obtained from data obtained from several experiments. Firstly, it was noted that there was a difference in the serovar distribution between the NAD-dependent isolates in the 1990s and the NAD-independent isolates, as there was a significant decrease in the incidence of sero...

Escalating consumer concerns regarding pathogen resistance have placed the poultry industry under mounting pressure to eliminate the use of chemotherapeutic agents as feed additives. One possible alternative receiving increased attention is the use of immunomodulators such as β-glucan. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of a yeast-derived β-glucan (Auxoferm YGT) on broiler chick p...

Supplementation with vitamin D3 was previously shown to protect Escherichia coli challenged birds that underwent two dexamethasone (DEX) treatments at 5 and 12 wk of age in an experimental model of turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with 10 microg of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D)/ kg feed or 99 microg o...

AIM OF THE STUDY The significance of nutritional supplements for immunity has been documented. Locally sourced extracts used in alternative medicine were studied to determine their potential effects on antibody production and humoral responses in viral challenged birds. METHOD Three hundred and eighty birds were distributed into 19 groups of 20 birds each. Following acclimatization for 16 day...

BACKGROUND The Maedi-Visna (MV) lentivirus causes two slowly progressive eventually fatal diseases of sheep, Maedi, a progressive interstitial pneumonia, and Visna, a progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Other lentiviruses also cause fatal slow infections in their natural hosts, e.g. the HIV virus in humans. Results of experimental vaccination against any lentivirus ...

protection of animals immunized against bacillus anthracis is usually demonstrated by challenging with an appropriate dose of a strain of bacillus anthracis that is lethal to unvaccinated animals inoculated at the same time. in this study the protective efficacy in anthrax vaccine (34f2 sterne strain spore) was evaluated in sheep, goats and guinea pigs challenged with subcutaneous inoculation o...

Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in most parts of the world. The bacterium has a broad host range and has been isolated from many animals and environments. To investigate shedding patterns and putative effects on an avian host, we developed a colonization model in which a wild bird species, the European Robin Erithacus rubecula, was inoculated orally with C. j...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ginger powder on the performance of Salmonella challenged broiler chicks and to compare its efficacy as growth promoter with an antibiotic, avilamycin. In a completely randomized design, 300 chicks were divided into six groups, five replicates with 10 birds per each replicate. The treatments included negative control (basal diet without ginger ...

Background: The H9N2 subtype of the influenza virus, which is endemic in many regions of Iran, is considered as a candidate for future pandemics. In the present study, excretion time of the Iranian endemic influenza virus (H9N2 subtype) from the feces and pharyngeal secretions of laying chicken breeds was evaluated. Methods: This experimental study conducted at the Diagnostic Laboratory Scienc...