• a bounded space that affords partitioning into a collection of rooms; • containment within through individual rooms, where they collect people and groupware objects; • permeability of rooms allowing people and things to enter and leave them; • persistence of objects within the room over time; • socially mediated ownership that controls who should enter and use that room and how privacy is man...

Consider a rectangular art gallery divided into n rectangular rooms, such that any two rooms sharing a wall in common have a door connecting them. How many guards need to be stationed in the gallery so as to protect all of the rooms in our gallery? Notice that if a guard is stationed at a door, he will be able to guard two rooms. Our main aim in this paper is to show that Èn/2 ̆ guards are alway...

192 January 2013 H ISTORICALLY, anesthesiologists seem to be the forerunners in implementing tools and standards for safety in the medical fraternity. In the United States, since 1985, there has been a dramatic decrease in the malpractice insurance premiums of anesthesiologists. Such a decrease has not been seen in other medical or surgical specialties over this time frame. Thanks to the foresi...

We discuss the problem of constructing physician schedules in emergency rooms. Starting from practical instances encountered in six different hospitals of the Montreal (Canada) area, we first we propose generic forms for the constraints encountered in this context. We then review several possible solution techniques that can be applied to physician scheduling problems, namely tabu search, colum...

This paper addresses the representation of second wave feminism in two mainstream comedy shows starring male comedians. Scott On … (BBC 1964–74) and a sketch narrative which featured 1980 season The Two Ronnies 1971–1986) brought into family living rooms. While these make fun they also represent key aspects wave, often echoing debates taking place women’s liberation movement. Despite their cons...

As the Internet has changed communication, commerce, and the distribution of information, so too it is changing psychological research. Psychologists can observe new or rare phenomena online and can do research on traditional psychological topics more efficiently, enabling them to expand the scale and scope of their research. Yet these opportunities entail risk both to research quality and to h...

this article identifies the significance of rooms and the role of their design in satisfaction of the recent habitants, in iranian architecture. accordingly, some guidelines and criteria are presented to optimize dimensions and number of different types of rooms in housing design and could be used in residential building codes. in a review of recent ordinary dwelling unit plans in iran, we obse...