Enzyme L-asparaginase (L-asparagines amidohydrolase EC 3.5.1.1) has the physiological function of hydrolyzing amide group of the side chain in Lasparagine to produce L-aspartate and ammonia. This spectacular property of the enzyme is utilized in chemotherapeutic treatment of certain kinds of lymphoblastic malignancies, mainly in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and lympho-sarcoma for nearly ...

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway is frequently overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma and associated with carcinogenesis through cell proliferation, apoptosis deactivation; it also enhances chemotherapeutic drugs resistance. Tualang honey (TH) has proven anticancer property on adenocarcinoma. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unreported. ...

competition is against monopoly and intellectual property creates monopoly for intellectual property owner. this article had been paid cooperation between apparently contradictory policies. exhaustion, parallel imports, compulsory license, intellectual property exploitation contract that coincide with competition are methods of cooperation between intellectual property and competition law. comp...

ID4, a helix loop helix transcriptional regulator has emerged as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Epigenetic silencing of ID4 promotes prostate cancer whereas ectopic expression in prostate cancer cell lines blocks cancer phenotype. To directly investigate the anti-tumor property, full length human recombinant ID4 encapsulated in biodegradable Polycaprolactone/Maltodextrin (PCL-MD) nano-c...

Safe handling of chemotherapeutic agents during administration and disposal is critical. Most antineoplastic agents are toxic compounds that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic. Direct contact may cause irritation of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Perioperative personnel should know how to handle hazardous materials safely to protect the patient, other staff members, and themselv...

Somatostatin receptors expressed on tumor cells form the rationale for somatostatin analog treatment of patients with somatostatin receptor-positive neuroendocrine tumors. Nevertheless, although somatostatin analogs effectively control hormonal hypersecretion by GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, islet cell tumors, and carcinoid tumors, significant differences are observed among patients with res...

background: flavonoids have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, free radical scavenging, and anti-mutagenic. methods: the cytotoxic effects of three synthesized flavonoid derivatives (k3, k4 and k5) were evaluated against hela , mda-mb -231 and ht-29 cancer cells using mtt assay. results: the results showed that these flavonoids were not...

Chemotherapeutic regimens involve the systemic administration of genotoxic compounds that induce cancer cell death via well-established DNA damage response signaling networks. Less understood is how the treatment of other cell types within the tumor microenvironment affects the therapeutic response. Here we discuss recent work that shows that tumor-adjacent cells can respond to genotoxic stress...

Early History If defined as the use of a specific compound discovered as the result of a systematic search for a cure for a specific disease, then chemotherapy is less than a century old. The first example was the introduction in 1910 by Paul Ehrlich of an organoarsenic compound he named Salvarsan, which provided the first real cure for the extremely unpleasant disease syphilis (caused by the p...

Suppression of protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1 alpha (PRKAR1A) has been proven to inhibit cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell growth and enhance apoptosis. In the present study, we aimed to determine synergistic and/or additive effects of chemotherapeutic agents, including protein kinase inhibitors (i.e. sorafenib, sunitinib, gefitinib, Met inhibitor) and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs (i....