background: major histocompatibility complex (mhc) plays a central role in regulation and control of the immune responses to infectious diseases. due to its polymorphism, individual differences in response to vaccines have been observed in different chicken populations. studying the association of chicken mhc with immune response to vaccines will help the control of infectious disease and vacci...

to detect the presence of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in infected allantoic fluid (af) of spf embryonated eggs rapid hemagglutination (ha) activity after treatment with neuraminidase enzyme was used. twenty ibv suspected materials were inoculated in spf embryonated eggs via chorioallantoic cavity. harvested afs were treated with neuraminidase enzyme and the presence of ibv was detected by...

background: despite of the advances in infectious diseases prevention and food technology, food-borne diseases are considered major problems in developed and developing countries. meat plays a key role in transferring zoonotic diseases to human. objectives: this study was conducted in south of tehran, iran, to investigate the prevalence rate of salmonella spp. in packed and unpacked red meat an...

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Group A consisted of chickens infected with a single dose of Ascaris suum and group B of chickens infected with two successive doses. At days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after the first or second infection dose, six chickens from each group were sacrificed. In both groups, larvae were recovered from the livers on days 1, 3, and 7 and lungs on days 3 and 7. No larvae were detected in chickens on day 14. ...

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus was observed in thin sections of infected cultured horse leukocytes by electron microscopy. The virus particles had a spherical shape and were between 80 and 120 nm in diameter. Most of them contained an electron-dense nucleoid 40 to 60 nm in diameter. They were observed to form by a process of budding from the plasma membrane and appeared to have thin surfa...

Background: Non-ionic surfactant, Tween-80 (TW80) is commonly used for drug delivery due to its effect on the cell membrane permeation. The change in permeability can also increase viral infectivity in cells. This study was undertaken to improve upon Newcastle disease virus (NDV) titer cultivated with embryonic chicken eggs. Methods: The toxicity of TW80 was investigated against chicken embryo...

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus which was propagated on an equine dermal cell line agglutinated guinea pig erythrocytes. Viral fluids containing about 10(7.5) mean tissue culture infective doses/ml showed hemagglutinating (HA) titers ranging from 16 to 32 units/0.05 ml. Results of cesium chloride equilibrium density gradient centrifugation revealed that the hemagglutinin was inseparable fr...

Background: Leptospirosis is characterized by very diverse clinical manifestations, which may range from flu-like subclinical forms to very severe presentations characterized by multi-organ failure, or to atypical presentations. One of its most aggressive presentations is Weil’s disease, characterized by jaundice, hemorrhagic phenomena and renal failure. Cases with high bilirubinemia over 30mg/...