This study is an investigation of L2 speakers’ production of the pharyngeal gesture in the English /ɹ/. Real-time MRI recordings from one L1 French/L2 English and one L1 Greek/L2 English speaker were analyzed and compared with recordings from a native English speaker to examine whether the gestural composition of the rhotic consonant(s) in a speaker’s L1, particularly the presence and location ...

The present research aims to examine the effects of using culturally oriented texts in project-based classes on the views of EFL university students regarding their L1 culture. To this end, three experimental groups of intermediate EFL freshmen, assigned to classes A, B and C, participated in this study. Each of the classes were presented with reading passages focused on L1 culture, L2 culture,...

This paper examines the prosodic organization of L2 Japanese produced by L1 Swedish at the beginner level. Japanese and Swedish have been well studied for their prosodic structures and some well-defined prosodic phrases have been proposed. However, these existing prosodic phrases are found to be inadequate in analyzing L2 intonation seen as interlanguage. Instead, it consists of some unique phr...

1.1 Disfluencies in L2 speech For most of us, speaking a second language (L2) is a challenging task. Even if we call ourselves ‘fluent’ in the L2, we may at times find ourselves unsure about the grammar or at a loss for the right words. In fact, we are often not so fluent at all. The most obvious reason for this lack of fluency is a lack of proficiency, that is, a speaker has insufficient knowl...

the acquisition of argument structures has been studied by a variety of second language acquisition scholars within the past two decades (atay, 2010; can, 2009; chay, 2006, & kras, 2007, among others). in the present study, ‘predicate’ as the most substantial element of a sentence is investigated. there are three english verb-types which seem to be more problematic for persian efl learners:...

recently, it has been shown that a number of hydroxypyridinones such as 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one (l1) are useful for the treatment of iron overload in place of desferrioxamine in thalassaemic patients. in this study, the intestinal absorption (i.a.) of l1 and one of its analogues namely 2-methy-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one (l2), which possesses a higher partition coefficient (kpart) than l...

Formal and semantic overlap across languages plays an important role in bilingual language processing systems. In the present study, Japanese (first language; L1)-English (second language; L2) bilinguals rated 193 Japanese-English word pairs, including cognates and noncognates, in terms of phonological and semantic similarity. We show that the degree of cross-linguistic overlap varies, such tha...

Although age of acquisition (AoA) is frequently used when examining the endpoint second language (L2) learning, it rarely to examine initial phases L2 acquisition. The present study provided a unique look at role AoA in early and literacy by priori selecting two groups Arabic-English speakers based on their ages, 6–8-year-olds (N = 43) 9–13-year-olds 53). These Syrian refugees were matched Engl...

An EEG coherence study was performed with a twofold objective: first, to scrutinize the theoretical concept of "cortical efficiency" in connection with second language (L2) acquisition and, second, to detect cooperations between cortical areas in specific frequency bands indicative for highly proficient L2 processing. Two groups differing only in their level of L2 proficiency were contrasted du...