The OPUS (Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet (NND)) School Meal Study investigated the effects on the intake of foods and nutrients of introducing school meals based on the principles of the NND covering lunch and all snacks during the school day in a cluster-randomised cross-over design. For two 3-month periods, 834 Danish children ...

Only 50% of Dutch children aged 0-4 years receive sufficient daily vitamin D supplementation. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of implementation intentions in promoting vitamin D supplementation among young children. An electronic survey was conducted among parents of children aged 0-4 (n = 171). These parents were randomly assigned to two groups: one that received implementatio...

OBJECTIVE We studied the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children in Finland. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS From 2002 to 2005, data on virtually all children <15 years of age diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (n = 1,656) in Finland were collected. RESULTS DKA was present in 19.4% of the case subjects, and 4.3% had severe DKA. In children aged 0-4, 5-9...

BACKGROUND Recent investigations suggested that the trend of childhood asthma has been stabilizing or even reversing in some countries. The observation provides contrast to our experience. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of asthma in children aged 0-14 years in Qingdao China, determine the changes of childhood asthma in China, and discover evidence that...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the appropriate use of child safety restraints (CSR) in black and white children. DESIGN Cross sectional, observational study of drivers of children age 0-10 years involving an on-site vehicle and CSR inspection and brief driver interview. RESULTS Data were obtained on 244 white and 204 black children; results were stratified by race due to effect modification of race...

OBJECTIVE to examine parents' use of child restraint systems (CRS), and determine if parents' knowledge of, attitude toward, and use behavior of child restraint systems have improved following enactment of child restraint use laws in other cities. DESIGN Observations and a cross-sectional survey of drivers transporting children 17 years and under were conducted at the gate of the schools and ...

SIR We are concerned about the prevalence of child sexual abuse in Italy. It is approaching 5%, which is similar to estimates (from 1-5%) for other western societies.' This implies that in Italy about 450 000 children aged 0-14 years and the same number aged 15-24 years (data from the census of 1991) are sexually abused each year. It has been estimated that in 1994 in the USA about three millio...

Timely diagnosis and early initiation of treatment acute leukemia in children improve survival. Our study aimed to identify the factors associated with delayed children.&nbsp;A prospective observational was done at a tertiary care Superspeciality hospital Northern India. The included 100 aged 0&ndash;12 years over 18 months leukemia. A mixed-methods technique used, combining important variables...

OBJECTIVE To test whether relations between economic development, economic inequality, and child and youth homicide rates are sex- and age-specific, and whether a country's wealth modifies the impact of economic inequality on homicide rates. METHODS Outcome variables were homicide rates around 1994 in males and females in the age ranges 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19 and 20-24 years from 61 countries...

PURPOSE The prevalence rates of myopia vary between 5% in Australian Aborigines to 84% in Hong Kong and Taiwan, 30% in Norwegian adults, and 49.5% in Swedish schoolchildren. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of refractive errors in German children, adolescents, and adults. METHODS The parents (aged 24-65 years) and their children (516 subjects aged 2-35 years) were asked t...