The rate of hydrochloric acid production by isolated, bullfrog gastric mucosae depends critically on the supply of chloride ion to the serosal surface. Secretion of acid is negligible if chloride is completely replaced by glucuronate and gluconate ion. The experimental evidence indicates that the rate of acid secretion may be regarded as a reaction velocity, depending on chloride concentration ...

Coastal concrete bridges will suffer from deterioration of RC structural performance and resistance attenuation because of the chloride penetration and other environment factors. This article discusses current different chloride diffusion models and puts forward the revised model of chloride diffusion in concrete bridge by considering the complex action of load influence and chloride-binding ca...

Concrete specimens were exposed to weekly cycles of wetting and drying in distilled water and in solutions of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and calcium magnesium acetate with either a 6.04 molal ion concentration, equivalent in ion concentration to a 15% solution of NaCl, or a 1.06 molal ion concentration, equivalent in ion concentration to a 3% solution of NaCl, for pe...

The combined activity of the 1.1.1-cryptand and of a dicopper(II) bistren cryptate complex including chloride makes the Cl(-) ion be continuously and slowly delivered to the solution, without any external intervention. The 1.1.1-cryptand slowly releases OH(-) ions, according to a defined kinetics, and each OH(-) ion displaces a Cl(-) ion from the cryptate. Chloride displacement induces a sharp ...

The chloride-ion concentration dependence of the molecular dimension in the acid-denatured state of equine -lactoglobulin (ELG) was investigated by smallangle X-ray scattering. In the presence of chloride ion, ELG has a globular and compact conformation (the A state). The molecular dimension of ELG increases little with decreasing chloride-ion concentration. A remarkable dependence was observed...

This study investigates the chloride penetration resistance of fine recycled aggregate concrete (FRAC). Six mixes comprising 0.45 and 0.55 w/b were prepared using aggregates (FRA) at 0, 25 50% by volume replacement natural sand. The was tested surface electrical resistivity (SER), conductivity index (CCI), bulk diffusion tests. SER CCI tests conducted after 28 days 180 wet curing, while test ca...

The concentrations of malate, calcium ions, hydrogen ions, and chloride ions were measured in secretions coliected hetween June 1991 and May 1992 from the secretor\ trichomes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.|. The average maiate cisncentration was 114 mM and \ aried from 2 to 2K7 mM. the average chloride ion concentration «as 177 mM and varied trom 68 to 355 mM, and the average calcium ion conce...