Phenols and their derivatives commonly exist in the environment. These compounds are used as the components of dyes, polymers, drugs and other organic substances. The presence of phenols in the ecosystems is also related with production and degradation of numerous pesticides and the generation of industrial and municipal sewages. Some phenols are also formed during natural processes. These comp...

Received 30 July, 2003; revised 26 November, 2003; accepted 19 December, 2003. *For correspondence. E-mail [email protected]; Tel. ( + 1) 860 486 2483; Fax ( + 1) 860 486 2959. Metabolic pathway engineering to enhance aerobic degradation of chlorinated ethenes and to reduce their toxicity by cloning a novel glutathione S -transferase, an evolved toluene o -monooxygenase, and g -glutamylcyste...

We herein describe a palladium-catalyzed formal aromaticity transfer coupling reaction between phenols and pyrrolidines or indolines to generate the corresponding N-cyclohexyl pyrroles or indoles. In this transformation, the aromaticity of phenols is formally passed on to the pyrrolidine or indoline units. Substituted phenols thus can serve as latent cyclohexyl equivalents for the fast construc...

The demonstration of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) of chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater is typically conducted through the evaluation of concentration trends and parent-daughter product relationships along prevailing groundwater flow paths. Unfortunately, at sites contaminated by mixtures of chlorinated ethenes, ethanes, and methanes, the evaluation of MNA by using solely concentrat...

Kinetic studies with two different anaerobic mixed cultures (the PM and the EV cultures) were conducted to evaluate inhibition between chlorinated ethylenes. The more chlorinated ethylenes inhibited the reductive dechlorination of the less chlorinated ethylenes, while the less chlorinated ethylenes weakly inhibited the dechlorination of the more chlorinated ethylenes. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) ...

Chlorinated solvents are a class of interrelated chemicals that have gone through major regulatory scrutiny in recent years. A number of chlorinated solvents are used in the electronics industry in printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication and assembly; semiconductor wafer fabrication and assembly; and critical cleaning applications. The growth in the electronics industry in the last few decades ...

A method was developed to determine nine environmental phenols, including bisphenol A, 2,3,4-trichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxyphenylether), 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nolyphenol and benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone) in human urine using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectromet...

The reaction of phenols with 7a led to the synthesis of aurones, while the reaction of phenols with 7b led to the synthesis of flavones.

Among the various semiconductor photocatalysts reported so far, TiO2 is still most promising material for real applications because of its excellent chemical and thermal stability, non-toxicity...