in the present study, interactions between lead exposure with nitric oxide precursor (l-arginine) or nitric oxide synthase (nos) inhibitor (l-name) on naloxone-induced jumping and diarrhea in morphine-dependent mice were examined. chronic lead acetate (0.05%) exposure altered naloxone-induced jumping and diarrhea in mice. jumping was decreased after 7 days and was unchanged 14 and 28 days after...

In the present study, interactions between lead exposure with nitric oxide precursor (L-arginine) or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME) on naloxone-induced jumping and diarrhea in morphine-dependent mice were examined. Chronic lead acetate (0.05%) exposure altered naloxone-induced jumping and diarrhea in mice. Jumping was decreased after 7 days and was unchanged 14 and 28 days after...

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare malabsorptive disorder characterized by the inability to maintain balance of fluids, electrolytes, and nutrients when taking conventional diet. SBS can cause chronic, severe diarrhea malnutrition, often requiring dependence on parenteral nutrition.

Clostridial overgrowth and associated release of their toxins is responsible for the pathogenesis acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome. Diagnosis based on exclusion other causes diarrhea, because only invasive tests, such as small intestinal biopsies identifying clostridial colonization surface a necrotic mucosa, support diagnosis. These are not usually performed in unstable, hypovolemic patient...

AIM Chronic diarrhea with fecal incontinence (FI) is a severe, underreported, and intractable problem in many patients for which limited pharmaceutical options exist. METHODS A retrospective case history was collected after the administration of a prescription medical food composed of serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) at 5 g once daily in a patient with chronic mesente...

Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic watery diarrhea and diagnosed with the histologic hallmarks of disease despite a macroscopically normal large bowel. Although 2 distinct disease phenotypes exist, their clinical presentations and epidemiologic characteristics have overlapping features. This article summarizes evidence regarding the pathoge...

Introduction There are several reports of zinc deficiency in pathogenesis of acute and chronic diarrhea. The literature review showed children with diarrhea and chronic gastroduodenitis performed zinc deficiency in majority of cases (1). The normal values of zinc in blood serum are 12.8-27.8 μmol/l (2). There is a threshold of 13μmol/l zinc concentration for zinc deficiency diagnosis. The zinc ...

Candida infection in the small intestine is uncommon. We report an unusual case of duodenal candidiasis that presented as chronic diarrhea in a patient who had previously undergone kidney transplantation. A 60-year-old man presented with profuse watery diarrhea that had lasted 6 months 13 years after kidney transplantation. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy results indicated candidiasis within t...

Blastocystis hominis and Endolimax nana exist as two separate parasitic organisms; however co-infection with the two individual parasites has been well documented. Although often symptomatic in immunocompromised individuals, the pathogenicity of the organisms in immunocompetent subjects causing gastrointestinal symptoms has been debated, with studies revealing mixed results. Clinically, both B....