Questions Primary forests fulfil important roles in preserving biodiversity, storing carbon and increasing ecological understanding. Yet, they have become very rare Europe. An policy goal is thus to increase the share of naturally developing by creating protected areas formerly managed forests. Here, we investigated: (a) if how such return conditions similar old-growth; (b) whether recently obs...

In arctic and boreal ecosystems, ground bryophytes play an important role in regulating carbon (C) exchange between vast belowground C stores the atmosphere. Climate is changing particularly fast these high-latitude regions, but it unclear how altered precipitation regimes will affect dynamics bryosphere (i.e. moss layer including senesced moss, litter associated biota) closely upper humus laye...