BACKGROUND Elevation of the transcription factor HIF-1 is a prominent mediator of not only processes that accompany hypoxia, but also the tumor microenvironment and tissue regeneration. This study uses mediators of "chemical hypoxia" to ask the question whether HIF-1α elevation in a healthy epithelial cell layer leads to leakiness in its tight junctional seals. METHODS Transepithelial electri...

A 68-year-old woman who had had pemphigus foliaceus for 13 years, presented for initiation of more aggressive therapy due to gradual continuous clinical worsening in the last 3 months despite potent topical steroid and long-standing systemic therapy with prednisolone 50 mg/day for one year. At the time of presentation desmoglein-1 antibodies were detectable to a low grade using enzyme-linked im...

Candida (C.) species colonize the estrogenized vagina in at least 20% of all women. This statistic rises to 30% in late pregnancy and in immunosuppressed patients. The most often occurring species is Candida albicans. Host factors, especially local defense deficiencies, gene polymorphisms, allergic factors, serum glucose levels, antibiotics, psychosocial stress and estrogens influence the risk ...

Objectives: The objective of existent effort was topical proniosomal gel formulation and evaluation from the proniosomes Ciclopirox to improve poor skin penetration residence antifungal drugs. Methods: co-acervation phase separation method used prepare by using combination different grades non-ionic surfactant, cholestrol lecithin. Characterized for pH, encapsulation efficiency, Particle size, ...

Bacterial infection remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the options for treating such infections are decreasing, due the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The pharmaceutical industry has produced few new types of antibiotics in more than a decade. Researchers are taking several approaches toward developing new classes of antibiotics, including (1) focusing on new targ...

Organ transplant recipients under immunosuppressive therapy have a highly increased risk of acquiring unusual opportunistic fungal infections. Therefore, diagnostics for uncharacteristic inflammatory skin lesions in transplant recipients must include an appropriate search for fungi. We recently diagnosed a renal transplant recipient with a cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Alternaria infectori...