Electronic cigarettes have become popular and are heavily promoted as a safer cigarette and an aid to quit smoking. Although they may have value in reducing cigarette use among smokers, they are of limited value in smoking cessation and pose many problems, particularly in children. Nicotine is highly addictive and affects virtually all cells in the body. It is particularly harmful to developing...

Smoking in women is a rapidly growing and serious public health problem worldwide. All tobacco products contain toxicants, so smoking increases risk for disease. Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for numerous disorders, including cancers affecting organs outside the respiratory tract. Nicotine readily crosses the placenta and the fetuses of mothers who smoke are exposed to relatively higher nico...

INTRODUCTION Alternative Nicotine Delivery Systems (ANDS) such as e-cigarettes are battery-powered devices that aerosolize nicotine and other substances to simulate smoking without using tobacco. Little is known about the ANDS initiation process among adult smokers. The aims of this research are threefold to: (1) examine how ANDS use affects cigarette use; (2) examine how the immediate environm...

INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking is largely driven by the reinforcing properties of nicotine. Intravenous (IV) self-administration procedures are the gold standard for investigating the reinforcing effects of psychoactive drugs. The goal of this review was to examine the results of published investigations of the reinforcing effects of nicotine measured using IV self-administration procedures in ...

smokers, and even higher than observed levels in nicotine replacement therapy users (Marsot & Simon, 2015). On the other hand, low levels of self-reported nicotine dependence when vaping and a greater number of minutes between waking up and first use have been found among vapers, thereby accounting for lower nicotine dependence levels among this former group when compared to tobacco cigarette s...

BACKGROUND To investigate the association between nicotine dependence (ND), by cigarette smoking and use of smokeless tobacco (UST), and mental disorders. METHOD Face-to-face surveys (n=43 093) were conducted in the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Nicotine use, ND, and mental disorders were assessed using DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS UST-ND wa...

Drugs of abuse are rewarding to addicted and nonaddicted subjects, but they trigger craving and compulsive intake only in addicted subjects. Here, we used positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F] deoxyglucose to compare the brain metabolic responses (marker of brain function) of cocaine-addicted subjects (n = 21) and controls (n = 15) to identify brain regions that are uniquely activated in...

Tramadol is an unscheduled atypical analgesic that acts as an agonist at μ-opioid receptors and inhibits monoamine reuptake. Tramadol can suppress opioid withdrawal, and chronic administration can produce opioid physical dependence; however, diversion and abuse of tramadol is low. The present study further characterized tramadol in a three-choice discrimination procedure. Nondependent volunteer...

OBJECTIVE To determine what the tobacco industry knew about the potential effects of menthol on smoking topography-how a person smokes a cigarette. METHODS A snowball strategy was used to systematically search the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu) between 1 June 2010 and 9 August 2010. We qualitatively analysed a final collection of 252 documents related to men...

257 non-student youth (age range 15-24 years) have been studied on socio-demographic variables, extent and frequency of drug abuse. Results of the study have been discussed.