smoking is known as a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and hence immediate and effective interventions are required for its elimination. this study aimed to collect valid data with regard to cigarette smoking in adult population of north of iran for policy making by a meta-analysis of the documents of national non-communicable disease risk factors surveillance system....

aim and background: individuals are faced with numerous stressful life events which can negatively influence their mental health. many individuals use smoking as a means of confronting stress. given the relatively high prevalence of smoking in central iran, the present study was conducted to compare stress levels in smokers, non-smokers, and those who had quit smoking. methods and materials: th...

background cigarette smoking is a common problem among teenagers. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking among teen boys in marivan city, based on health belief model. materials and methods a cluster randomized sample of 470 male students with16.2±2.5   from 6 secondary schools of marivan city- iran, completed a self-report and questionnaire consisting of hea...

objective: the present study aimed to determine the frequency of drug abused in a sample of university students in rafsanjan, iran. methods: in this cross-sectional study, 1,260 students volunteered (311 males and 949 females) with mean age of 21.35 years. data were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire regarding drugs abuse and demographic information. results: benzodiazepines were t...