Excessive autophagy plays a crucial role in cigarette smoking extract (CSE)-induced inflammation response and oxidative damage of respiratory epithelial cells. The components from Eclipta prostrata L. (CCE) have been shown to be beneficial for CSE-induced epithelial cells injury. However, whether its protection on CSE-stress injury is related to its regulation on autophagy remains still unclear...

Cigarette smoke is a major environmental air pollutant that injures airway epithelium and incites subsequent diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The lesion that smoke induces in airway epithelium is still incompletely understood. Using a LIVE/DEAD cytotoxicity assay, we observed that subconfluent cultures of bronchial epithelial cells derived from both human and monkey air...

Cigarette smoke is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where it can contribute to the observed airway inflammation. PGE(2) is produced within human airways, and both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities have been reported. We quantitated PGE(2) concentrations in induced sputum supernatants from different groups of subjects and correlated the obtained values to neutr...

Cigarette smoke exposure has been associated with a variety of diseases, including emphysema. The current study evaluated the interaction of cell density and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on fibroblast contraction of collagen gels. Protein levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, fibronectin, PGE(2), and TGF-beta1 mRNA were quantified. Although both 5 and 10% CSE inhibited contraction ...

Nuclear erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor which is involved in the transcriptional regulation of many antioxidant genes, including glutamatecysteine ligase (GCL). Cigarette smoke is known to cause oxidative stress and deplete glutathione (GSH) levels in alveolar epithelial cells. We hypothesized that resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, possesses an...

opium use is one of the most common forms of substance abuse in iran and there are some evidence indicating it is a risk factor of transitional cell carcinoma (tcc) of the urinary bladder. the majority of opium users are also cigarette smokers, so consideration of the high prevalence of smoking which is the most important risk factor of tcc of the urinary bladder among opium users is essential ...

conclusions present study showed that the prevalence of smoking in men is very high in this region of iran. therefore to prevent the problem it is necessary that educational and research centres and health providers make suitable policies and strategies . results mean (standard error) age of starting to smoke was 20.21 (0.6) years and females had started smoking 4 years later (p = 0.01). during...

conclusions although the prevalence of regular smokers among health professions students of mums was lower than general populations, but this level is still alarming and points at the rapid growth of cigarette use, especially among female students. medical schools should work harder to tackle this phenomenon and address it more efficiently in their curricula. results among the students, 18.3% r...

the objectives of this work were to study the association of maternal smoking habits with stillbirths, abortions, neonatal deaths, birth weights, placental weights and the outcomes on the 28(th) day of life.a questionnaire was developed and completed with the hospitals' recorded data collected over a period of 5 years from 47,000 babies born in several hospitals in ontario, canada. the mothers ...

Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major contributor to the development of a large number of fatal and debilitating disorders. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of CS in lung disease are largely unknown. To elucidate these pathophysiological processes, we examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of CS extract (CSE) and CS on the transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible fac...