J. Hendrikse, W. P. Mali, J. Van der Grond Radiology, UMC, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, Radiology, UMC, Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands Introduction In many institutions transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and recently CT angiography have largely replaced intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (iaDSA) for routine assessment of the internal carotid ar...

This article describes a straightforward method to measure the dimensions and identify morphological variations in the cerebral arterial circle using the general-purpose software program Osiris. This user-friendly and portable program displays, manipulates, and analyzes medical digital images, and it has the capability to determine morphometric properties of selected blood vessels (or other ana...

Evidence of cerebrovascular disease at autopsy was compared in 2 groups of men: 186 long-time residents of Hiroshima, Japan, and 253 men of Japanese ancestry long resident in Honolulu, Hawaii. They were 45 to 71 years-of-age at death. Atherosclerosis of the circle of Willis and its major branches, sclerosis of the intraparenchymal arteries and the frequency of cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral i...

The levels of noradrenaline, neuropeptide Y, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and substance P were measured and compared between the large arteries of the circle of Willis and the small cerebral vessels of the pia mater in the rat, rabbit, cat, and monkey. In all species, noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y concentrations were greater in the larger arteries than in small pial vessels. Noradrenaline concentrat...

We prospectively evaluated 30 consecutive patients with echo-enhanced transcranial color-coded duplexsonography (TCCD) and correlative transfemoral digital subtraction angiography to assess the diagnostic efficacy of echo-enhanced TCCD for evaluation of collateral pathways through the circle of Willis in patients with limited acoustic bone windows and critical symptomatic carotid disease. Echo-...