Recently the hybrid multi-port DC circuit breaker (MP-DCCB) is becoming popular in protecting HVDC grids, thanks to their reduction of power electronics devices. In this paper, an enhanced current-limiting DCCB (MP-CLCB) for multiple line protection proposed. The integrated fault current limiter (FCL) inside MP-CLCB can clear faster with slightly increased costs. To reduce energy dissipation re...

Many stock exchanges set up certain limits on the maximum variation that a stock is allowed to have in a single day. Table 1 gives an overview of the price limit rules of some of the world exchanges. As reflected in the table, among stock exchanges in 41 countries that we obtain information, 23 of them have price limits and 7 of them have some kinds of circuit breaker rules. The normal assertio...

The switching behavior of vacuum switches (VS) is different to that of other circuit breakers. There are several effects which have to be taken into account, for example the current chopping, the dielectric strength of vacuum gap, the arc voltage, the quenching capability of high frequency currents, virtual current chopping and prestrikes. In some earlier investigations the characteristics of v...