The CIR Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of citric acid, 12 inorganic citrate salts, and 20 alkyl citrate esters as used in cosmetics, concluding that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Citric acid is reported to function as a pH adjuster, chelating agent, or fragrance ingredient. Some of the salts are also reported to function as chelating age...

INTRODUCTION Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is gaining popularity in continous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for critically ill patients. The risk of citrate toxicity is a primary concern during the prolonged process. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of citrate in critically ill patients with AKI, and used the kinetic parameters to predict the risk of citrate ...

BACKGROUND Treatment with trisodium citrate provides an effective means of regional anticoagulation during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). We evaluated the efficacy, safety and cost of a regional citrate anticoagulation protocol using commercial solutions in 17 critically ill patients treated with continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). We performed a total of 22 session...

New europium complexes of 3-oxo-1-hydroxy-quinoline-2-carboxylic acid amide derivatives (L1-L3), which are highly luminescent and do not require luminescence enhancers are reported. The luminescence intensity of the Eu-L1-3 complexes was enhanced by the addition of citrate ions in water solution. A sensitive luminescence enhancement system was developed for the determination of citrate ions on ...

We describe herein the significance of a sodium citrate and tannic acid mixture in the synthesis of spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Monodisperse AgNPs were synthesized via reduction of silver nitrate using a mixture of two chemical agents: sodium citrate and tannic acid. The shape, size and size distribution of silver particles were determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scatt...

Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa grows on citrate anaerobically in the light. Under aerobic conditions citrate cannot be utilized. Citrate is rapidly fermented by Rps. gelatinosa in the dark, and this fermentation is associated with limited growth (one generation). Anaerobically in the light citrate is decomposed much faster than its catabolic products can be used for the synthesis of cellular mater...

The 1 wt % Li-doped (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O₃ (BCZT-Li) ceramics prepared by the citrate method exhibit improved phase purity, densification and electrical properties, which provide prospective possibility to develop high-performance electrocaloric materials. The electrocaloric effect was evaluated by phenomenological method, and the BCZT-Li ceramics present large electrocaloric temperature ...

The effectiveness of sodium citrate and sodium citrate/ranitidine were compared in two randomised groups of elective caesarean patients during the various phases of anaesthesia. The mean pH values (3.5, 3.3, 3.6) were lower in the citrate group compared to the citrate/ranitidine group (6.1, 6.3, 5.9). The percentage of patients with pH values less than 2.5 was 40% in the citrate group compared ...

Carrier-mediated citrate transport has been demonstrated and characterized at 10°in mitochondria from Morris hepatomas 3924A and 16 and in normal and host liver preparations by the inhibitor-stop technique using 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylate. We studied: (a) citrate influx in exchange for endogenous substrates; (b) citrate influx into mitochondria loaded with citrate; (c) citrate efflux from cit...

Patients suffering from normogonadotrophic anovulation and infertility are initially treated with clomiphene citrate. Those who do not respond to clomiphene citrate usually receive gonadotrophin treatment which is labour-intensive, expensive, and associated with an increased risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. We treated 22 patients with clomiphene resistant norm...