two fungal species glomus mosseae and glomus intraradices as well as meloidogyne javanica nematode were used in order to evaluate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on control of different populations of root-knot nematode in tomato. a greenhouse test was established as factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 4 replicates followed by mycorrhizal...

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease of citrus. HLB has spread to most of the citrus growing areas in the world and causes significantly decline in both citrus production and citrus industry economic output. HLB is caused by three species of fastidious, phloem-resided alpha proteo bacteria: ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las), ‘Candidatus Liberibacter americanus’(Lam...

The Sudanese citrus industry is mainly based on oldline cultivars of grapefruit, sweet orange and willow leaf mandarin, grafted almost exclusively on sour orange. Infection with graft-transmissible agents, viroids in particular, may have deleterious effects on the productivity of these citrus species and, more importantly, limits the choice of rootstocks should sour orange be replaced by altern...

Export of Citrus spp. fruits may require risk mitigation measures if grown in areas with established tephritid fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations capable of infesting the fruits. The host status of Citrus spp. fruits is unclear for two tephritid fruit fly species whose geographic ranges have expanded in recent years: melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Cocquillett), and Bactrocera latif...

Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) using the Agilent 1290 Infi nity 2D-LC Solution with DAD and MS detection is applied for the analysis of citrus oils. The developed method uses normal phase liquid chromatography in the fi rst dimension and reversed-phase liquid chromatography in the second dimension. This combination provides good orthogonality and is valuable for pro...

Citrus trees harbor a large number of viral and bacterial pathogens. Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV), Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV), Citrus yellow mosaic virus (CYMV), Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and a bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLa) associated with huanglongbing (HLB) disease, the most prevalent pathogens in citrus orchards of different regions in India and ...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii is frequently used as a dietary supplement to promote intestinal health and reduce the impact of growth of enteric pathogens in livestock, including cattle and swine. Citrus by-products are also fed as dietary supplements that have the additional benefit of inhibiting the growth of enteric pathogens. Previous research identified that supplementation of Sacchar...

the effects of poultry manure and cow dung in comparison with the nematicide, carbofuran on the yield of okra infested with root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita race 2 were investigated. two plots of 17×11 m, each naturally infested with the mentioned nematode, were selected for the study. treatments were poultry manure and cow dung each at the rates of 5 and 10 t ha-1, carbofuran 3g at the...

Due to the rapid expansion of irrigated agriculture, effi cient use of the limited water resources in arid and semi-arid regions is becoming more and more vital. However, water salinity is a major problem due to its negative infl uence on the yields of many crops. It reduces citrus trees’ growth and causes physiological disorders. Primarily salt-stress lowers net CO2 assimilation, stomatal cond...