Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA, Iowa City Veterans Administration Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA and Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa ...

This research simulates the urban growth and therefore the landscape change of a mountain city of Chongqing, China through a Cellular Automata (CA) based model of SLEUTH. The fundamental data were four Landsat TM images of 1978, 1988, 1993, and 2001 which were utilized for generating maps of land use, road networks, and urbanized area. Three alternative development scenarios, including business...

A hybrid life cycle-based trans-boundary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions footprint is elucidated at the city-scale and evaluated for 8 US cities. The method incorporates end-uses of energy within city boundaries, plus cross-boundary demand for airline/freight transport and embodied energy of four key urban materials [food, water, energy (fuels), and shelter (cement)], essential for life in all c...

A hybrid life cycle-based trans-boundary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions footprint is elucidated at the city-scale and evaluated for 8 US cities. The method incorporates end-uses of energy within city boundaries, plus cross-boundary demand for airline/freight transport and embodied energy of four key urban materials [food, water, energy (fuels), and shelter (cement)], essential for life in all c...

Urban villages (UVs), the main settlements of rural migrant workers and low-income groups in metropolitan areas of China, have become of major concern to city managers and researchers due to the rapid urbanization in recent years. A clear understanding of their evolution and spatial relationships with the city is of great importance to policy formulation, implementation and assessment. In this ...

BACKGROUND Decision making regarding air pollution can be better informed if air quality impacts are traced back to individual emission sources. Adjoint or backward sensitivity analysis is a modeling tool that can achieve this goal by allowing for quantification of how emissions from sources in different locations influence human health metrics. OBJECTIVES We attributed short-term mortality (...

BACKGROUND The American Heart Association Committee recently developed definitions of "ideal," "intermediate," and "poor" cardiovascular health based on 7 cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors or health behaviors. This study evaluated the prevalence of "ideal" American Heart Association cardiovascular health metrics from June 2006 to October 2007 in the Kailuan cohort (n=101 510; age 18-98 ...

OBJECTIVES This study estimated the association of cardiovascular health behaviors with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in middle-aged men in Korea. METHODS In total, 12 538 men aged 40 to 59 years were enrolled in 1993 and followed up through 2011. Cardiovascular health metrics defined the following lifestyle behaviors proposed by the American Heart Associati...

the general relatively isotropic mean landsberg metrics contain the general relativelyisotropic landsberg metrics. a class of finsler metrics is given, in which the mentioned two conceptsare equivalent. in this paper, an interpretation of general relatively isotropic mean landsberg metrics isfound by using c-conformal transformations. some necessary conditions for a general relativelyisotropic ...

BACKGROUND The measurement of healthcare provider performance is becoming more widespread. Physicians have been guarded about performance measurement, in part because the methodology for comparative measurement of care quality is underdeveloped. Comprehensive quality improvement will require comprehensive measurement, implying the aggregation of multiple quality metrics into composite indicator...