banjarmasin is known as a tidal waterfront city and it is called city of a thousand rivers. thecity level was approximately -16 cm below the sea level and almost a swamp-land. the urbanization and the citydevelopment programs have changed the city’s physical and spatial plan from a wetland to a mainland structure. theissues of the city's transformation have changed the city structure from ...

BACKGROUND Physical activity energy expenditure (EE) is an important determinant of health, and epidemiologists have used various methods, such as physical activity and energy intake recalls and records, to estimate energy cost. However, most epidemiologic studies have not validated these methods against the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique for measuring EE. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compa...

BACKGROUND Inner-city schools experience substantial difficulties in providing sufficient physical activity opportunities for their pupils. This study evaluated the Y-Active, an outreach physical activity and well-being program delivered in an inner-city primary school in London, UK by a third-sector partner. METHODS A process evaluation focusing on perceived effectiveness and implementation ...

In this paper we examine how New York City coped with the destruction of its Emergency Operations Center following the World Trade Center attack and how it reconstituted that center in a new location. We make the observation that, although the physical facility was destroyed, the organization that had been established to manage crises in New York City remained substantially intact, enabling a r...

OBJECTIVES to investigate changes in functional ability and physical health, psychiatric morbidity, life satisfaction, service use and social support. DESIGN a structured interview survey of three samples of elderly people living at home at two points in time. The three samples comprised one census of people aged 85 and over [City (of London) and Hackney], and two random samples of people age...

Measurements in a highly polluted Asian mega city: observations of aerosol number size distribution, modal parameters and nucleation events P. Mönkkönen, I. K. Koponen, K. E. J. Lehtinen, K. Hämeri , R. Uma, and M. Kulmala University of Helsinki, Department of Physical Sciences, Finland Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New De...

Various digital city projects, from the online cases (e.g. the America on Line) to the ubiquitous cities of South Korea, have achieved in creating technically ‘physical’ areas for the virtual communities, which share knowledge of common interest. Moreover, digital cities can succeed in simplifying citizen access to public information and services. Early digital cities deliver ‘smart’ and social...

This study was part of the Megacities Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) field campaign conducted in Mexico City metropolitan area during spring 2006. The physical and chemical transformations of particles aged in the outflow from Mexico City were investigated for the transport event of 22 March 2006. A detailed chemical analysis of individual particles was performed u...

C. Harrison B. Eckman R. Hamilton P. Hartswick J. Kalagnanam J. Paraszczak P. Williams This paper describes the information technology (IT) foundation and principles for Smarter Citiesi. Smarter Cities are urban areas that exploit operational data, such as that arising from traff ic congestion, power consumption statistics, and public safety events, to optimize the operation of city services. T...

Jacobs, A.B. (1993) stated that "When I think of a city, the first thing that comes to mind is the street. If the street is interesting, the rest of the city is interesting. If the street is mundane, the city is also mundane." In this statement, he expresses the importance of the streetscape and the street environment. The objective of this paper is to analyze the spatial relationships of the s...