The relationship between religion and civil society at the macro-level has attracted attention of sociologists but empirical detail how is connected to social relations practices that constitute local relatively lacking. This article explores contemporary communal significance religious dimension in using authors’ ethnographic fieldwork biographical interviews a post-industrial village North Ea...

In this article, the author explores the role of religion in social constructions of heterosexual masculinity in South Africa in the context of civil society driven programs to fight sexual and gender-based violence and the spread of HIV. Critically engaging with the concept of hegemonic masculinity and the sociological literature on gender relations in conservative Christian communities, the a...

This article describes the chronology of recognition formal religion and marginalization local in Indonesia. Formally, Indonesian government recognizes based on policy or constitution That is Presidental Decree number 1 year 1965 Constitution Number 5 1969. According to constitution, religions are Islam, Christian, Catholic, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism. But Confucianism was marginalized ne...

A meta-analytic review of past research evaluated the link between religiosity and racism in the United States since the Civil Rights Act. Religious racism partly reflects intergroup dynamics. That is, a strong religious in-group identity was associated with derogation of racial out-groups. Other races might be treated as out-groups because religion is practiced largely within race, because tra...

Are e-services to different ethnic groups equal? Although extensive research has been conducted on racial and ethnic bias, little research has been conducted on discrimination in the online setting. Title II of the Civil Rights Act states that service providers should not discriminate on the grounds of race, color, religion, or national origin, yet it is possible that e-services are biased. Pro...

Internet blogs provide forums for discussions within virtual communities, allowing readers to post comments on what they read. However, such comments may contain abuse, such as personal attacks, offensive remarks about race or religion, or commercial spam, all of which reduce the value of community discussion. Ideally, filters would promote civil discourse by removing abusive comments while pro...