This study proposes an alternative to the conditioning circuit as discussed in Gross-berg and Levine (1987). This new version builds on recent work on selective attention (LaBerge, 1995), fear conditioning (Weinberger, 1995) and adaptive timing (Grossberg & Merrill, 1992), and addresses some of the shortcomings in Grossberg and Levine (1987), such as: self-priming, weight transport and the habi...

In one experiment half of the animals were trained to avoid a signaled footshock by jumping (30 or 160 trials), whereas the rest of the animals received the same events as yoked. For all of them the termination of the warning signal and of the shock was followed by a safety signal. Several tests were conducted to assess the ability of the stimuli to suppress licking by measuring the latency in ...

Rats were trained on an appetitive Pavlovian conditioning task in which the conditioned stimulus (CS) was either localized (a light in the food tray) or nonlocalized (an increase in the general level of illumination). The conditioned response (CR) of approaching the site of food delivery in the presence of the CS was monitored. Presession treatment with the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (subcutaneou...

A review is presented of experimental studies, using rats as the subjects, that were designed to establish an animal model of the clinical phenomenon of anticipatory nausea. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that pairing a distinctive context with an illness-inducing injection of lithium chloride endowed the context with new properties, consistent with the proposal that classical conditioning ha...

During classical conditioning, a positive or negative value is assigned to a previously neutral stimulus, thereby changing its significance for behavior. If an odor is associated with a negative stimulus, it can become repulsive. Conversely, an odor associated with a reward can become attractive. By using Drosophila larvae as a model system with minimal brain complexity, we address the question...

To investigate how the striatum integrates sensory information with reward information for behavioral guidance, we recorded single-unit activity in the dorsal striatum of head-fixed rats participating in a probabilistic Pavlovian conditioning task with auditory conditioned stimuli (CSs) in which reward probability was fixed for each CS but parametrically varied across CSs. We found that the act...

A-kinase anchoring protein 150 (AKAP150) is a multi-enzyme signaling complex that coordinates the action of PKA, PKC, and PP2B at neuronal membranes and synapses. We measured levels of AKAP150 protein in the hippocampus 6h after training mice in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm. In contextual fear conditioning mice learn to associate a context with a footshock presentation. Mice were div...

Although specialist herbivorous insects are guided by innate responses to host plant cues, host plant preference may be influenced by experience and is not dictated by instinct alone. The effect of learning on host plant preference was examined in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri; vector of the causal agent of citrus greening disease or huanglongbing. We investigated: a) whether devel...

In this article, we present an isotropic algorithm for sequence order learning. Its central goal is to learn the causal relation between two (or more) inputs in order to react to the earliest incoming signal after successful learning (like in typical classical conditioning situations). We implement this algorithm in a behaving system (a robot) thereby creating a closed loop situation where the ...

Sense of agency refers to the feeling that one's voluntary actions caused external events. Past studies have shown that compression of the subjective temporal interval between actions and external events, called intentional binding, is closely linked to the experience of agency. Current theories postulate that the experience of agency is constructed via predictive and postdictive pathways. One ...