Since 1978, women have been granted legal rights to self-determined abortion, from which the idea of women’s right choose achieves its victory in current Norwegian abortion law. Behind this notion choice lies an assumption that perceives as subjects who should personally decide whether or not having would be proper way overcome difficult decisions on their pregnancies. Women’s is celebrated ide...

The US Secretary of Health and Human Services, Donna Shalala, challenged the world to live up to the affirmation made in Cairo: that women's rights are human rights. The US has responded to this affirmation with vigor by recognizing that when given knowledge, education, opportunity, and power, women can be heroines; they can move mountains to help themselves and the others whom they are de...

Today, most Internet applications are based on the client-server model. In this model, typically, the server distrusts clients, and grants each client access rights according to the client’s identity. This enables the server to record a lot of personal information about clients: identity, usual IP address, postal address, credit card number, purchase habits, etc. Such a model is thus necessaril...

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Lack of access to quality reproductive health services is the main contributor to the high maternal mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This is partly due to a shortage of qualified and experienced health care providers. However conscientious objection amongst the available few is a hitherto undocumented potential factor influencing access to health care in SSA. Provision of ce...

Many applications require the ability to obtain exclusive access to data, where an application is granted privileges to an object that cannot be preempted and limits the actions of other processes. Local file systems support exclusive access to files by maintaining information about the access rights of current open file instances, and checking subsequent opens for compatibility. Implementing e...

background : nowadays, problem solving skills, clinical decision making ability and  making a proper  relationship to clients are essential necessities for nursing graduates, however there are few studies which investigated nursing student’ responses to clients with problematic situations based on nursing theories addressing interactions. the purpose of this study was analyzing the nursing stud...

Live streaming media applications are becoming more popular each day. Indeed, some important TV channels already broadcast their live content on the Internet. In such scenario, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications are very attractive as platforms to distribute live content to large client populations at low costs. A thorough understanding of how clients of such applications typically behave, particu...

We propose a scalable Web document sharing infrastructure model called Browsers-Aware Proxy Server. In this design, a proxy server connecting to a group of networked clients maintains an index file of data objects of all clients’ browser caches. If a user request misses in its local browser cache and the proxy cache, the browsers-aware proxy server will search the index file attempting to find ...