according to statistics, in 2009 iran’s oil and gas consumption were 1.4 and 3.1 times higher than the world average and during 1998 to 2008 residential sector accounted for 42% of the total energy consumption in the country. as hot-humid climate is the most severe climate across the world, climatic consideration must be incorporated in design of the new dwellings in this area. over the centuri...

Increasing Australian bush-fire frequencies over the last decade has indicated a major climatic change in coming future. Understanding such climatic change for Australian bush-fire is limited and there is an urgent need of scientific research, which is capable enough to contribute to Australian society. Frequency of bush-fire carries information on spatial, temporal and climatic aspects of bush...

The Indonesian island of Sulawesi harbors a highly endemic and diverse fauna sparking fascination since long before Wallace's contemplation of biogeographical patterns in the region. Allopatric diversification driven by geological or climatic processes has been identified as the main mechanism shaping present faunal distribution on the island. There is both consensus and conflict among range pa...

Paleoclimatic time series are often unevenly spaced in time, making it difficult to obtain an accurate estimate of their red-noise spectrum. A Fortran 90 program (REDFIT) is presented that overcomes this problem by fitting a first-order autoregressive (AR1) process, being characteristic for many climatic processes, directly to unevenly spaced time series. Hence, interpolation in the time domain...

To design energy efficient buildings using an optimal combination of passive design strategies it is necessary to understand the particular climate designed for. To use energy simulation software such as EnergyPlus TM , Ecotect TM or DesignBuilder TM to calculate building energy consumption or undertake a predictive thermal simulation of naturally ventilated buildings requires a detailed set of...

For the last two decades, climatically based interpretations have been the major focus in evolutionary studies of dryland alluvial fans. Climatic hypotheses to explain the development of alluvial fans in southern Death Valley, however, do not fare well when they are assessed with criteria used by philosophers of science. First and foremost, dating techniques do not have the chronometric precisi...

Background: Fish act as an affordable source of animal protein as well as the source for many other substances of nutraceutical importance. Under rapid biomagnification of pollutants, low tolerance to climatic stressors increase susceptibility of various fish to large-scale mortality. Therefore, understanding the magnitude and type of their responses to individual or multiple climatic factors/s...