Column Zorbax silica, 25 cm 4.6 mm internal diameter (7 m) S5W uncoated silica, 25 cm 4.6 mm internal diameter (5 m) Eluent Hexane}ethyl acetate, 95 : 5 CO2 modified with small amounts of methanol Flow rate 1.6 mL min 1 2 mL min 1 for 4 min, then gradient of 2 up to 5 mL min 1 thereafter held constant Programme Isocratic P"100 atm, T"403C; modifier, 1.5%min 1 from 10% to 30% thereafter held con...

For some decades now, bacteria known as probiotics have been added to various foods because of their beneficial effects for human health. Examples of foods containing probiotics are yogurt, fermented and unfermented milk, miso, tempeh, soy beverages and some juices. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics; but certain yeasts and bac...

On clinical MR systems the proton is the most widely used nucleus for applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The widespread biological applications of 1 H-MRS cannot be covered in detail, but exemplary uses will be discussed or referred to. Clinical applications fall into two categories: clinical research vs. clinical routine, where the former primarily aims at average responses...

I am very grateful for the honor conferred upon me by your kind invitation to give the first Sobotka Memorial Lecture. I accept with pleasure because it gives me an opportunity to pay my personal tribute to the memory of a most distinguished biochemist who undoubtedly was one of the founders of modern clinical chemistry. I first met Dr. Sobotka at the First International Congress of Clinical Ch...

In this paper the potential clinical applications for the human fetal estrogen estetrol (E(4)) are presented based on recently obtained data in preclinical and clinical studies. In the past E(4) has been classified as a weak estrogen due to its rather low estrogen receptor affinity. However, recent research has demonstrated that due to its favorable pharmacokinetic properties, especially the sl...

MicroRNAs represent a class of small RNAs derived from polymerase II controlled transcriptional regions. The primary transcript forms one or several bulging double stranded hairpins which are processed by Drosha and Dicer into hetero-duplexes. The targeting microRNA strand of the duplex is incorporated into the RNA Induced Silencing Complex from where it silences up to hundreds of mRNA transcri...

D-limonene is considered to have fairly low toxicity. It has been tested for carcinogenicity in mice and rats. Although initial results showed d-limonene increased the incidence of renal tubular tumors in male rats, female rats and mice in both genders showed no evidence of any tumor. Subsequent studies have determined how these tumors occur and established that d-limonene does not pose a mutag...