Evidence-based-medicine (EBM) has been a revolution in clinical medicine over the last three decades, showing the advantage of objective, critical and systematic reviews of current practices as well as formal meta-analysis of data and central deposits of current best evidence for a given medical problem. Toxicology might benefit from a similar rigorous review of traditional approaches and the d...

A variety of measures are used for evaluating patients’ responses to substance abuse treatments. These range from physical measures (such as samples of urine, breath, hair, or blood), self-reports of drug use (such as the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) or the Time Line Follow-Back), self-reports of psychological or physiological functioning (such as symptom checklists or craving or mood ratings...

In controlled clinical studies, volunteers are deliberately exposed to specific air pollutants under conditions simulating ambient exposures, and health-related responses are documented. Studies of the health risks of air pollution need to be scientifically rigorous and clearly relevant to "real-world" pollution exposures. Their results should be confirmed by independent replication if they are...

background: chemical exposure is a major health problem globally. poison control centers (pccs) play a leading role both in developed and developing countries in the prevention and control of poisonous chemical exposures. in this study, we aimed to assess the current state of pccs in pakistan and highlight capacity building needs in these centers. methods: a cross-sectional survey of the two re...

The word `forensic' simply means `to do with courts of law' and, as far as toxicology and biochemistry laboratories are concerned, embraces everything which has or might have legal implications. Some of the work in which the biochemistry department becomes involved is obviously `forensic' but this may not be apparent at the time of receipt of the request; this is the ®rst pitfall. Toseland high...

INTRODUCTION
 Paracetamol is one of the most widely used analgesics and antipyretics in world. An overdose this drug can occur after a single ingestion large amount paracetamol or repeated smaller amounts that eventually exceed recommended total dose result liver damage. It believed maximum daily for an adult 4g.
 MATERIALS AND METHOD
 Patient information was collected from hospi...

Screening for toxic compounds or drugs (TCD) in different body samples is one of the major tasks in clinical and forensic toxicology as well as in doping control. Several procedures using different separation and/or detection systems were used for screening purposes in the field of analytical toxicology [1]. While immunoassays allow a quick screening for a limited number of targets, chromatogra...

Every year a great amount of financial resources is spent by pharmaceutical companies on unsuccessful Clinical Trials because of poor activity/toxicity ratio, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodinamics accidents including poor Absorption-Distribution-MetabolismExcretion/Toxicology profiles. Considering the key role accomplished by the liver in toxicology and metabolism of drugs there is a great need...

Nicola Bates has worked in human and veterinary toxicology for 25 years and has been with the Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS) since it started. As well as providing emergency advice via the telephone she has written extensively on veterinary toxicology. In addition to service provision, she is involved in training of VPIS staff and veterinary professionals. She is currently the co...