BACKGROUND In 2003, it became legal in the UK for syringe exchange programmes (SEPs) to provide citrate to injecting drug users to solubilise heroin. Little work has been undertaken on the effect of policy change on SEP function. Here, we examine whether the introduction of citrate in Cheshire and Merseyside SEPs has altered the number of heroin/crack injectors accessing SEPs, the frequency at ...

Lead citrate is a key precursor for the green recycling of spent lead acid battery paste in a citric acid/sodium citrate (CA/SC) solution. In this study, the main paste component, PbSO4, was leached and crystallized to yield lead citrate. Results showed that the leaching of PbSO4 in citric acid/sodium citrate solution was remarkably enhanced by an increase in temperature from 35 ◦C to 95 ◦C and...

121 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and clomiphene citrate resistance underwent laparoscopic ovarian cautery, 63 patients were type i or typical pcos with ovarian volume >8ml and 58 patients were type ii pcos with ovarian volume <8ml. serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (lh), follicular stimulating hormone (fsh), prolactin (prl), testosterone (t), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfa...

objective(s):higher cellular reactive oxygen species (ros) levels is important in reducing cellular energy charge (ec) by increasing the levels of key metabolic protein, and nitrosative modifications, and have been shown to damage the cardiac tissue of diabetic mice. however, the relation between energy production and heart function is unclear. materials and methods:streptozotocin (stz, 150 mg/...

introduction: aim was to study the influence of serum testosterone and urinary citrate on the formation of urinary stones in men and women, and to apply the findings for preventing urolithiasis. methods: we studied 200 patients (100 were men and 100 women) who had referred to the urology clinic at imam khomeini hospital and seda sima eswl center. in both groups, 50 were stone formers and 50 wer...

objective: the aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of ovarian reserve tests, mainly basal and clomiphene stimulated follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) concentrations. materials and methods : a prospective cohort study was conductedon 120 infertile patients referring to mirza koochak khan hospital for ivffrom 2004 to 2006. all the patients underwent clomiphene citrate challenge test (cc...

seed oils of passiflora edulis, jatropa curucas, tinospora cordifolia, sesbania grandiflora and sapindus laurifolia were investigated for their antihelmintic property against pheritima pasthuma. three concentrations (10, 50 and 100 mg/ml) of each oil were studied in the bioassay, which involved the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worm. sesbania grandiflora showed the...

DICARBOXYLATES ARE THE SUBSTRATES for oxidative phosphorylation, aka the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle. Some of these substrates are synthesized within cells. However, epithelia with high metabolic needs (e.g., the small intestine and kidney) bring these substrates directly into cells. The plasma membrane of cells separates the outside world from the inside due to the hydrophobic core of thi...

The interactions between pig heart citrate synthase and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase or cytosolic malate dehydrogenase were studied using the frontal analysis method of gel filtration and by precipitation in polyethylene glycol. This method showed that an interaction between citrate synthase and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase occurred but no interaction between citrate synthase and cy...