AIM The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effect of treatment with transdermal oestrogen and phytoestrogen on insulin sensitivity and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in healthy postmenopausal women. METHODS Forty-three healthy postmenopausal women aged 68 ± 7 (mean ± SD) years who were not receiving hormonal replacement therapy completed a 3 month randomized drug t...

Mixed infection of pea (Pisum sativum) with Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) and White clover mosaic virus (WClMV) led to more severe disease symptoms (a phenomenon called viral synergism). Similar to the mixed ClYVV/WClMV infection, a WClMV-based vector encoding P3N-PIPO of ClYVV exacerbated the disease symptoms. Infection with the WClMV vector encoding ClYVV HC-Pro (a suppressor of RNA silenc...

This study was conducted to identify lines of subterranean clover (Trifolium spp.) with resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1989) Chitwood, 1949, race 1; M. incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949, race 3; and M. javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949. A collection of 134 subterranean clover lines was evaluated and all had intermediate to high susceptibility. Root galling was neg...

The Rhizobium leguminosarum h o s t-range (Sym) plasmid, pJB5JI, is a 130 Mdal conjugative plasmid which carries the genes for host-specificity (i.e., for peas) and some of the genes for ni trogen-fixation. We have t ransferred plasmid pJB5JI into different species of Rhizobium and examined the symbiotic propert ies of the result ing transconjugants. The donor strain R. leguminosarum 6015 (pJB5...

Hadron masses are calculated in quenched lattice QCD in order to probe the scaling behavior of a novel fatlink clover fermion action in which only the irrelevant operators of the fermion action are constructed using APE-smeared links. Light quark masses corresponding to an mπ/mρ ratio of 0.35 are considered to assess the exceptional configuration problem of clover-fermion actions. This Fat-Link...

background  spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) are the foundation of spermatogenesis. sound wave especially low intensity ultrasound (lius) can be effective on increasing the number of cells. in this study we investigated the effect of lius stimulation on mouse sscs proliferation and colonization. methods: isolated sscs from neonate mice cultured in dmem culture medium with 10% fetal bovine serum...

tion, pest or disease resistance, or reseeding ability (Harris, 1987; Brink et al., 1999). Widdup et al. (1996) found Small-type white clover, Trifolium repens L., plants predominate that only 10 of 98 ecotype collections from throughout in most closely grazed pastures in the southeastern USA. The role of relative seed production in stand persistence of white clover types the eastern USA were l...

As a plant produces more stolons and stolon branches it expands in area and is made up of clonal members. In established white clover (Trifolium repens L.) populations, seedBecause of decay of older stolons and environmental ling recruitment is rare and plants spread by clonal growth, which could lead to low intraspecific genetic diversity. To assess how populadisturbance, a clone frequently fr...