Parasites can have dramatic effects on life-history decisions of hosts such as timing of reproduction, clutch size, and investment in individual offspring, depending on the timing of parasite effects on host fitness. Moreover, parasites may influence the optimum values of important life-history traits such as clutch size and brood size by having different fitness effects for large and for small...

Female Nasonia vitripennis lay fewer eggs and increase the proportion of male offspring when ovipositing in previously parasitized hosts compared to unparasitized hosts. This study examines the location and nature of the cues that females use in these clutch size and sex ratio decisions. Neither the sex ratio nor the clutch size response relies on chemical cues on, or a hole drilled in, the out...

GEOGRAPHIC variation in clutch size and its possible adaptive significance have been examined by many authors, most notably Moreau (1944), Lack (1947, 1948, 1954, 1966, 1968), Skutch (1949, 1950, 1967), WynneEdwards (1962), and Klomp (1970). Although these authors examined a broad spectrum of orders, the majority of data are for passerines. This paper reports an examination of clutch size in ow...

amyloid-β (aβ) self-assembly into cross-β amyloidfibrils is implicated in a causative role in alzheimer’s disease pathology.uncertainties persist regarding the mechanisms of amyloid self assembly and the role of metastable prefibrillar aggregates. aβ fibrilsfeature a sheet-turn-sheet motif in the constituent β-strands; as such, turn nucleation has been proposed as a rate-limiting step in the se...

Biological impacts of climate change are exemplified by shifts in phenology. As the timing of breeding advances, the within-season relationships between timing of breeding and reproductive traits may change and cause long-term changes in the population mean value of reproductive traits. We investigated long-term changes in the timing of breeding and within-season patterns of clutch size, egg vo...

In this paper the modelling of a double clutch transmission with an appropriate controller is presented. An accordant library for modelling different levels of detail and the use of defined state signals are introduced. Furthermore, the control of the transmission with the simulation of shifting cycles is discussed. By varying the driver models it is possible to drive miscellaneous drive and sh...

India has the second highest area under sugarcane cultivation, next to Brazil. Sugarcane is cultivated 4.7 million ha with productivity of 72 tonnes/ha. Tamil Nadu ranks first in country, recording an average more than 100 tonne/ha. Manual sett cutting method time consuming, expensive, and involves human drudgery. To reduce drudgery involved operation, cutter developed 3.7 kW diesel engine, bas...

We investigated one causal explanation for geographic variation in clutch size and aggregative feeding of the pipevine swallowtail, Battus philenor. Populations in California lay larger clutches than those in Texas, and larger feeding aggregations grow at an accelerated rate on the California host plant. Using reciprocal transplant experiments with larvae from California and Texas populations, ...

This paper propose a dynamic model of an electropneumatic clutch actuator system for heavy duty trucks. The focus is set on modeling of the clutch load characteristic which should be parameter affine, and the main purpose of the modeling task in this paper is to prepare for on-line adaption of this load characteristics. The knowledge of the clutch load characteristic is important for being able...

The CompActTM actuator features a clutch mechanism placed in parallel with its passive series elastic transmission element and can therefore benefit from the advantages of both series elastic actuators (SEA) and rigid actuators. The actuator is capable of effectively managing the storage and release of the potential energy of the compliant element by the appropriate control of the clutch subsys...