In the vertebrate head, mesoderm cells fuse together to form a myofiber, which is attached to specific cranial neural crest (CNC)-derived skeletal elements in a highly coordinated manner. Although it has long been recognized that CNC plays a role in the formation of the head musculature, the precise molecular underpinnings of this process remain elusive. In the present study we explored the nat...

Cleft palate and skull malformations represent some of the most frequent congenital birth defects in the human population. Previous studies have shown that TGFbeta signaling regulates the fate of the medial edge epithelium during palatal fusion and postnatal cranial suture closure during skull development. It is not understood, however, what the functional significance of TGFbeta signaling is i...

Dictyostelium discoideum slugs migrating in the absence of external stimuli tend to continue migrating in the original randomly 'chosen' direction. Spontaneous deviations from the starting direction accumulate with time at a rate that measures the 'physiological noise' in the slugs' steering mechanism. Most of the spontaneous turning signals arise in the transduction chain 'downstream' of the c...

One of the most important tasks of automatic tool monitoring systems for CNC-lathes is the supervision of a tool's wear. Considering the state of wear and the actual working process (e.g. rough or nish turning) it is possible to exchange a tool (or only the insert) just in time, which o ers signi cant economic advantages. This paper presents a new method to estimate two wear parameters by means...

The cutting force and the vibration signal of a computer numerical control (CNC) turning machine centre are detected for on-line tool wear monitoring. The feature elements are ®rst extracted from the detected signals. The feature indices are obtained from the feature elements through data preprocessing. Six data fusion methods are used for integrating the feature indices to obtain the fusion in...

In this study, an experimental approach is presented for the measurement of the surface roughness of the machined surface produced by simple turning operation in a computer numerically controlled (CNC) Lathe. The parameters used in the experiment were reduced to three cutting parameters, cutting speed, depth of cut, feed rate. Other parameters such as tool nose radius, workpiece length, workpie...