an accurate diagnosis of the morphology of the root canal system is a pre-requisite for successful root canal treatment. frequently, root canals are left untreated because the clinicians fail to identify their presence, particularly in teeth that have anatomical variations or additional root canals. in this report a maxillary lateral incisor with two roots has been described.

introduction: orofacial clefts are among the most common congenital anomalies. patients presenting with orofacial clefts often require surgery or other complex procedures. a cleft lip or palate can be a single anomaly or a part of multiple congenital anomalies. the reported prevalence of cleft disease and associated anomalies varies widely across the literature, and is dependent on the diagnost...

introduction: tessier facial cleft is among the rarest facial clefts reported in literatures and there are many issues arguing about its multidisciplinary repairing techniques. tessier number 4 and 5 are extremely rare facial anomalies. there are few literatures describing these clefts and their surgical modalities. number 5 tessier cleft begins medial to oral commissure in the upper lip and ex...

Objective(s): Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are regarded as autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS).  The CNS, testes, and eyes are immune privileged sites.  It was initially presumed that ocular involvement in EAE and infertility in MS are neural-mediated.  However, inflammatory molecules...

Tim Murphy is Technical Fellow with Boeing Commercial Airplanes where he is a member of the Electronic Systems organization. Tim has 25 years of experience in radio navigation communications and surveillance systems for civil aviation. The current focus of his work is avionics for new airplane product development, and next generation CNS technologies to support Air Traffic Management including ...

Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is studied by analyzing dual-frequency signals of the Global Position System (GPS) acquired from a network of receivers around the AsianAustralian region during 1996–2004. The latitude, occurrence time, strength of the most developed EIA crest, and crest-to-trough ratio (CTR) for both the noon and post-sunset se...