Feasibility of using Cyanex 301, as the auxiliary agent, for supercritical extraction of Cupper and Manganese cations from solid matrix was studied statistically. The amount of extraction is influenced by several parameters, such as amount of ligand, pressure, temperature, SCCO2 flow rate, time of extraction and amount of acid. Recent researches showed that factorial design is an effective tool...

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) from natural products has been widely studied as an alternative to the use of traditional techniques in the production of bioactive compounds. It has been demonstrated that this process is particularly useful when treating thermolabile compounds and solvent pollution has to be avoided. SFE can be applied to systems of different scales, from analytical scale,...

The extraction of lipids from both wet and dry biomass produced by fermentation has been carried out using near-critical dimethylether (DME) as the extraction solvent. Fermentations were carried out from a shake flask to 300 litre scale using the micro-organism Mortierella alpina, and up to a 20 litre scale for Phaffia rhodozyma and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The lipids extracted at a laborator...

Critical Xuid extraction of native lipids from cornstarch using 80/20 (v/v) CO2/ethanol and 100% ethanol was carried out in order to see what eVects each solvent would have on the starch pasting proWle. The results were compared with cornstarch defatted by reXuxing with 75/25 (v/v) n-propanol/water. Pure ethanol extracted more native lipid than CO2/ethanol, and extraction improved when the init...

The objective of the present work is to extract lovastatin with minimum impurity by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). A strain of Aspergillus terreus UV 1617 was used to produce lovastatin by solid-state fermentation (SSF) on wheat bran as a solid substrate. Extraction of lovastatin and its hydroxy acid form was initially carried out using organic solvents. Among the different screen...

This study reports the effects of long-term elevated atmospheric CO2 on root production and microbial activity, biomass, and diversity in a chaparral ecosystem in southern California. The free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) ring was located in a stand dominated by the woody shrub Adenostoma fasciculatum. Between 1995 and 2003, the FACE ring maintained an average daytime atmospheric CO2 concentration...

1. In closed-chest dogs anaesthetized with trichlorethylene, the inhalation of carbon dioxide sufficient to increase the arterial P(CO2) from 40 to about 100 mm Hg, increased myocardial blood flow (measured using a (133)Xe clearance technique) and right atrial pressure. There were no consistent changes in mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate or cardiac output.2. The effect of hypercapnia on...