The thermal structure of the upper atmosphere of Mars has been theoretically investigated. The exospheric temperature, for a pure CO(2) model atmosphere, lies between 400 degrees and 700 degrees K. The origin of the Martian atmosphere is discussed in the light of these results.

Looking at the solar photosphere, we see the top of the convection zone in the form of granulation: Hot gas rising from the solar interior as part of the energy transport process reaches a position where the opacity is no longer sufficient to prevent the escape of radiation. The gas expands, radiates, and cools and in so doing loses its buoyancy and descends. These motions, ultimately driven by...

the present study examined the effect of grouped meta-cognitive therapy on meta-cognitive beliefs of patients' suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. this research is a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group in which two groups of experiment and control are used. the present study population includes all state universities, islamic azad universities ...

the present study aims to investigate language learners’ cognitive processes in on-line esp courses. three modes of inquiry are used: think-aloud protocol analysis, screen capture analysis, and correlation analysis. the theoretical foundations for the evaluation of the cognitive aspect of ferdowsi univeristy of mashhad e-learning system are drawn from cognitive load theory, cognitive apprentice...

objective: sexual dysfunction is frequently reported as a side effect of many antidepressant medications. as a result, for those depressed patients to whom sexual desire is important, psychological treatment may be a better intervention. thus, the present study aimed to determine the possible changes in sexual desire following psychological treatments in depression, when focus of therapy is not...

Cur r en t knowledge of t he a t m o s p h e r e of U r a n u s is rev iewed a n d specific ob jec t ives are sugges ted for sa te l l i te miss ions to U r a n u s . The a n o m a l o u s compos i t ion of U r a n u s m a k e s d e t e r m i n a t i o n s of i ts a t m o s p h e r i c compos i t i on pa r t i cu l a r ly va luab le for t e s t i n g theor ies of solar s y s t e m evolu t ion ....

Jupiter has half a dozen eastward jet streams in each hemisphere. On average, Earth has only one in each hemisphere. Jupiter has weather patterns (“storms”) that last for centuries. Earth has stationary weather patterns fixed to the topography, but the average lifetime of a traveling storm is ∼1 week. Jupiter has no topography, i.e., no continents or oceans; its atmosphere merges smoothly with ...

Most previous studies of workplace gossip pay attention to its impacts on the target gossip, but few focus how audience in may be influenced when happens. This study adopts audience-centric perspective understand negative proposes construct “workplace atmosphere” (WNGA), and employees’ perception WNGA influence their behaviors (cyberloafing). Based theory social information processing ego deple...