OBJECTIVE To test the applicability of multi-criteria decision analysis preference elicitation techniques in cognitively impaired individuals. METHOD A convenience sample of 16 cognitively impaired subjects and 12 healthy controls was asked to participate in a small pilot study. The subjects determined the relative importance of four decision criteria using five different weight elicitation t...

OBJECTIVE This article aims to evaluate the long-term effects of an interdisciplinary intervention program on cognitively impaired older persons after hip fracture in Taiwan. METHODS Of 160 subjects randomly assigned to control (n = 81) and intervention (n  =  79) groups, 24 (29.6%) and 27 (34.2%) were cognitively impaired in the control and intervention groups, respectively, and outcomes wer...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The presence of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE*E4) is the strongest currently known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease and is associated with brain gray matter loss, notably in areas involved in Alzheimer disease pathology. Our objective was to assess the effect of APOE*E4 on brain structures in healthy elderly controls who subsequently developed subtle cognitive decline....

HIV+ subjects have shown impairment on tests of executive function including automatic attention and verbal tasks. Impairment of semantic priming in HIV patients would suggest a disruption of automatic semantic activation. We examined semantic priming in HIV+ individuals and HIV- control participants with no history of substance abuse, neurologic or psychiatric disorder unrelated to HIV. HIV+ p...

This paper introduces a methodological approach to the dynamics of cognitively normal (i.e., successful) aging compared with aging accompanied by different types of cognitive impairment and dementia. Using secondary analysis of a national representative database (Canadian Study of Health and Aging, 1991-1992), the authors show that the occurrence of an adverse event (symptom, sign, or disease),...

BACKGROUND Inattention is a core clinical feature of delirium and yet the particular aspects of attentional impairment associated with this feature are poorly understood. Objective methods for assessing inattention are also lacking. A new set of computerised tests of attentional deficits designed for use in patients with delirium have been developed. Test performances in patients with delirium,...

The present study set out to delineate to what extentfive intermediate learners engaged in structuring and problematizing scaffolding in two writing tasks. The study aimed at illuminating how the participants engaged with structuring and problematizing scaffolds cognitively, behaviorally, and affectively.  Learners’ written essays, think-aloud protocols, and interviews shaped the data sources w...

BACKGROUND Neuropsychological deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been shown to be associated with the major pathological substrates of the disease, ie, inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration. Double inversion recovery sequences allow cortical lesions (CLs) to be detected in the brain of patients with MS. Modern postprocessing techniques allow cortical atrophy to be...

BACKGROUND Recent findings suggest that Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological features (neuritic plaques and NFTs) are not strongly associated with dementia in extreme old (over 90 years of age) and compel a search for neurobiological indices of dementia in this rapidly growing segment of the elderly population. We sought to characterize transcriptional and protein profiles of dementia in ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The structural MR imaging correlates of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis are still debated. This study assessed lesional and atrophy measures of white matter and gray matter involvement in patients with MS acquired in 7 European sites to identify the MR imaging variables most closely associated with cognitive dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brain dual-echo,...