Mini-jet production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions leads to initial conditions characterized by large fluctuations of the local energy density (hot spots) and of the collective flow field (turbulence). Assuming that local equilibrium is reached on a small time scale, ∼ 0.5 fm/c, the transverse evolution of those initial conditions is computed using hydrodynamics. We find that a new cl...

The energy and momentum lost by a hard parton propagating through hot and dense matter has to be redistributed during the nuclear medium evolution. Apart from heating the medium, there is the possibility that collective modes are excited leading to the emergence of Mach cones or Cherenkov radiation. Recent two-particle correlation measurements by STAR [ 1] and PHENIX [ 2] at RHIC indicate that ...

This paper will illustrate the use of computer simulations to study collective beam dynamics in high intensity proton rings. More and more, computer codes are used to perform desktop experiments that provide the experimenter thorough control and visualization capabilities. In this role, the simulation code confirms and demonstrates the limits of theoretical and computational analysis, aids in t...

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in nonequilibrium collective quantum models, where particle dispersion and spin are examples of effects taken into account. Here, we derive a kinetic plasma model containing fermion exchange effects. Exchange interactions are of great importance in many systems and have no classical analogy. Our model therefore constitutes a possible probe of collect...

This paper discovers the phenomenon that in Mandarin Chinese when plurals are under focus of zhiyou ‘only’ or lian ‘even’, a distributive reading is derived by default. It is argued that this type of distributivity is not syntax marked, but is discourse-oriented, which shows linguistic effects of economic structuring sets of focus-introduced alternatives (Rooth, 1985, 1992). The proposal succes...

Having sufficient and accurate understanding about kinetics of phenomena, could be an important reason for further technological progresses. Finding a white-box mathematical model for weight vs. time curves of Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) using large and small signal analysis has been studied thoroughly in the present investigation. Weight-Time curves of nano-Mullite suspension have been tr...

Collective motion is ubiquitous in nature on all scales, from flocking birds, schooling fishes, to swarming bacteria. Traditionally, understanding of such phenomena is achieved through modeling and simulation. Recently, with advanced imaging techniques and particle tracking algorithms, spatiotemporal data of large quantity of individuals inside a group become available from field studies. From ...

A collective coordinate approach is applied toanalyze the effect of an ifsignal on the radiation emitted from a long Josephson junction. This system shows a variety of interesting nonlinear phenomena including chaos and hysteresis. Consideringthe excited localized nonlinear oscillation as an effective breather mode, we derive a nonlinear equation for the collective variable of the breather and ...

Cross-coupled phenomena of multiferroic domains and domain walls are of fundamental scientific and technological interest. Using cryogenic magnetic force microscopy, we find alternating net magnetic moments at ferroelectric domain walls around vortex cores in multiferroic hexagonal ErMnO(3), which correlate with each other throughout the entire vortex network. This collective nature of domain w...

The inclusion of collective long-range effects in the calculation of the electric microfield distribution shifts previous results calculated on the individual variable basis towards the correlationless Holtsmark distribution. For high values of the cut-off parameter and systems close to the critical density the effect may reach 10 per cent. With increasing number of particles in the Debye regio...